id,"Dublin Core:Title","Dublin Core:Alternative Title","Dublin Core:Creator","Dublin Core:Publisher","Dublin Core:Date","Dublin Core:Description","Dublin Core:Subject","Dublin Core:Coverage","Dublin Core:Spatial Coverage","Dublin Core:Contributor","Dublin Core:Format","Dublin Core:Extent","Dublin Core:Medium","Dublin Core:Language","Dublin Core:Type","Dublin Core:Provenance","Dublin Core:Relation","Dublin Core:Is Part Of","Dublin Core:Source","Dublin Core:Identifier","Dublin Core:Rights","Dublin Core:Table Of Contents","Dublin Core:Abstract","Dublin Core:Date Created","Dublin Core:Date Valid","Dublin Core:Date Available","Dublin Core:Date Issued","Dublin Core:Date Modified","Dublin Core:Date Accepted","Dublin Core:Date Copyrighted","Dublin Core:Date Submitted","Dublin Core:Bibliographic Citation","Dublin Core:Is Version Of","Dublin Core:Has Version","Dublin Core:Replaces","Dublin Core:Is Replaced By","Dublin Core:Is Required By","Dublin Core:Requires","Dublin Core:Has Part","Dublin Core:Is Referenced By","Dublin Core:References","Dublin Core:Is Format Of","Dublin Core:Has Format","Dublin Core:Conforms To","Dublin Core:Temporal Coverage","Dublin Core:Access Rights","Dublin Core:License","Dublin Core:Audience","Dublin Core:Mediator","Dublin Core:Audience Education Level","Dublin Core:Accrual Method","Dublin Core:Accrual Periodicity","Dublin Core:Accrual Policy","Dublin Core:Instructional Method","Dublin Core:Rights Holder","Item Type Metadata:Text","Item Type Metadata:Interviewer","Item Type Metadata:Interviewee","Item Type Metadata:Location","Item Type Metadata:Transcription","Item Type Metadata:Local URL","Item Type Metadata:Original Format","Item Type Metadata:Physical Dimensions","Item Type Metadata:Duration","Item Type Metadata:Compression","Item Type Metadata:Producer","Item Type Metadata:Director","Item Type Metadata:Bit Rate/Frequency","Item Type Metadata:Time Summary","Item Type Metadata:Email Body","Item Type Metadata:Subject Line","Item Type Metadata:From","Item Type Metadata:To","Item Type Metadata:CC","Item Type Metadata:BCC","Item Type Metadata:Number of Attachments","Item Type Metadata:Standards","Item Type Metadata:Objectives","Item Type Metadata:Materials","Item Type Metadata:Lesson Plan Text","Item Type Metadata:URL","Item Type Metadata:Event Type","Item Type Metadata:Participants","Item Type Metadata:Birth Date","Item Type Metadata:Birthplace","Item Type Metadata:Death Date","Item Type Metadata:Occupation","Item Type Metadata:Biographical Text","Item Type Metadata:Bibliography",tags,file,itemType,collection,public,featured,latitude,longitude 3118,"Biddle, Nicholas (1786-1844)",,"Circle of Thomas Sully",,,"Legislator and financier Nicholas Biddle (1786-1844) was a member of the prominent Biddle family of Philadelphia, whose ancestors came to America with William Penn. A child prodigy, Biddle graduated from Princeton at the age of 15. He spent several years traveling throughout Europe, and served as secretary to James Monroe, then the US minister to Great Britain. Upon returning to the United States in 1807, Biddle practiced law, edited the literary magazine Port Folio, and helped edit the Lewis and Clark expedition journals for publication. Biddle belonged to many Philadelphia civic organizations, among them: the Athenaeum of Philadelphia (which he helped found in 1814), the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, and the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture. Additionally, Biddle served as President of the Girard College Board of Trustees and was instrumental in fulfilling Stephen Girard’s vision of building a school for poor orphaned boys. As a member of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, Biddle advocated for the reestablishment of a national bank. In 1816, the second Bank of the United States was chartered, and in 1819, Monroe, now president of the United States, appointed Biddle to the board of directors of the Bank. In 1822 Biddle became president of the Bank, serving in that role until 1839, when it became increasingly clear that President Andrew Jackson’s refusal to renew the Bank’s charter all but guaranteed the Bank’s failure. The Bank ultimately closed in 1841. Throughout his career, Biddle often took respite at his country residence known as Andalusia. In 1811 Biddle had married Jane Craig, and in 1814 obtained her parents’ large house located 14 miles north of Philadelphia overlooking the Delaware River. He commissioned architect Thomas Ustick Walter (who had designed Girard College) to transform the existing Craig house into a Greek Revival masterpiece. Biddle applied his lifelong interest in the arts, architecture, and experimental agriculture to develop the home and gardens into a stately and serene estate. Today, Andalusia is a National Historic Landmark open to visitors. Nicholas Biddle died at Andalusia in 1844 at the age of 58. ",,,,,,"31""x27""","Oil on canvas; gilt frame",,,"Gift of The Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture",,"General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia",,2018.11.01,http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Andalusia|Athenaeum Board of Directors|Athenaeum Shareholders (and Family)|Girard College|James Monroe|Nicholas Biddle|Pennsylvania Horticultural Society|Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture|Thomas Ustick Walter|William Penn",https://omeka.philaathenaeum.org/collections/files/original/c7ad4b1c3904b5829e8615e847ab114c.jpg,,"Portraits and Paintings",1,0,,