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                <text>向處無敵 平壌陥落&#13;
Mukau tokoro muteki Heijou kanraku&#13;
Toward this place unrivaled, The Fall of Pyongyang</text>
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1 item: 15 x 29 in.&#13;
1 item: 15 x 10 in.</text>
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                <text>牙山凱旋歓迎之図&#13;
Gazan gaisen kangei no zu&#13;
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Sugiyama Hori Ei, Engraver</text>
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Broadside 184-? Gore </text>
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                  <text>Presented here are portraits and paintings found in various Athenaeum collections.  Most are oil paintings, though a few portraits have been included that were created in other mediums.  There are additional portraits and paintings in the Bonaparte Collection, also available on this site.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Framed watercolor painting of Waln Grove, 1797.  Waln Grove was a country estate house built in 1742 by Philadelphia merchant Robert Waln.  It was located in Frankford, which is now a section of Philadelphia.  The painting shows the house sitting atop a gently sloping hill, with trees and a fence along the sides. </text>
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                <text>Gift of Robert L. Montgomery</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html&#13;
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Jean Victor Marie Moreau</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>128-PR-028 (1961.13.02)</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Chalaignier</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Chez Basset</text>
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                <text>1798 (circa)</text>
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                <text>Gift of Dr. Fred B. Rogers</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Engraved portrait of General Jean Victor Marie Moreau </text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Temple of flora, or, Garden of nature, being picturesque, botanical, coloured plates of select plants, illustrative of the same, with descriptions</text>
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                <text>New illustration of the sexual system of Carolus von Linnaeus</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Thornton, Robert John, 1768?-1837</text>
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                <text>London : Published by Dr. Thornton.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Temple of Flora was first published as the concluding part (pt. 3) of Thornton's larger work: New illustration of the sexual system of Carolus von Linnaeus (1807)&#13;
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The Temple of flora was issued with a separate engraved titlepage contained on 2 leaves, bearing the date 1799; the text consisted of descriptions of the plants, poetry and miscellaneous material.&#13;
&#13;
Plates are primarily aquatints and mezzotints executed by a variety pf artists and engravers; signed by artists: Russel [Russell], Opie, Reinagle, Perther, S. Edwards, Thornton and Henderson; and engravers: Caldwall, Burke, Ward, Elmes, Warner, Earlom, Lewis and Hopwood, Sutherland, Medland, Dunkarton, Stadler and Landseers.&#13;
&#13;
"Originally published in parts between 1799 and 1807; published in book form with additional material and plates in 1807"--ESTC.&#13;
&#13;
The work was first advertised in 1797, and seems to have been issued in parts at twenty-five shillings each between 1799 and 1807; no two copies are exactly alike as Thornton made up copies using different combinations of plates.&#13;
&#13;
Most plates with date and publishing information printed at bottom, others have date added in pencil; many plates are in 2nd (or later state) according to Grigson in Thornton's Temple of flora (1972)&#13;
&#13;
Plates are arranged in the order in which they appear in the original contents sheet. Cf. Grigson, G. Thornton's Temple of flora, 1972.</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Botany--Pictorial works.</text>
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                <text>Flowers in art.</text>
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                <text>Flowers--Pictorial works.</text>
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                <text>Botanical illustration.</text>
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                <text>[28] leaves of plates : all ill. ; 52 cm.</text>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>INCOMPLETE: Volume consists of [28] colored plates, not the [31] as issued by Thornton, and does not include the accompanying text, frontispiece, title page leaves or the contents page; Athenaeum copy missing 3 plates: "Flora dispensing her favours on the earth" (Plate I), "Tulips" (Plate X) and "Narrow-leaved Kalmia" (Plate XXVII); 4 have their alternate plates substituted: "A group of Auriculas (two)" substitutes for "A group of Auriculas (four)"; "The queen flower" for "The queen"; "The American aloe" for "The aloe"; and "American bog plants" for "Pitcher plant". Cf. Grigson, G. Thornton's Temple of flora, (1972)&#13;
&#13;
Plates are dated 1799-1807 with the exception of "Queen flower" which bears the printed date of 1812.</text>
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            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Disbound plates; housed in protective box.</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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                <text>Athenaeum copy: Gift of Peter J. Koblenzer.</text>
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                <text>https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/iiif.cfm/BI1799.Thornton_TempleOfFlora/manifest</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
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                <text>thumb:001:https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/common/get-jpeg-small.cfm/BI1799.Thornton_TempleOfFlora.001.jpg</text>
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                <text>full:001:https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/common/get-jpeg-book.cfm/BI1799.Thornton_TempleOfFlora.001.jpg</text>
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                <text>General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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                <text>Gift of Samuel J. Dornsife.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Wax portrait in oval shadow box frame of Robert Oakeley (1771-1813) of Philadelphia.  He is buried in St. Peter's Churchyard, 313 Pine Street.</text>
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                <text>On back: Robert Oakeley of Phila / No. 41 Chatham St. / New York / Taken in 1800 / Father of Geo. Washington Oakeley / b. July 21, 1807 d. June 2, 1874 / Married Charlotte Francisca / Richards b. Jan. 19, 1802 /  d. Mar. 6, 1867</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
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                  <text>Presented here are portraits and paintings found in various Athenaeum collections.  Most are oil paintings, though a few portraits have been included that were created in other mediums.  There are additional portraits and paintings in the Bonaparte Collection, also available on this site.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38228">
                <text>Lukens, Isaiah (1779-1846)</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38229">
                <text>1990.M03.02</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38230">
                <text>Peale, Rembrandt (attributed)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38231">
                <text>1800 (circa)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38232">
                <text>21" x 27"</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38233">
                <text>Oil on canvas; gilt frame</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="72">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38234">
                <text>General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
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                <text>Gift of Emily W. Williams.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38236">
                <text>Isaiah Lukens (1779-1846) was best known in his own day as a maker of town clocks, but his mechanical genius led him also into the manufacture of machine tools, mathematical and surgical instruments.  His father made clocks (see example on first floor) and the son made the towering clock at the Athenaeum (Busch Reading Room).</text>
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                <text>This portrait descended in the family of Franklin Williams along with a number of other Lukens items later donated by his widow in his memory.  Charles Willson Peale is known to have painted Lukens (1816; Franklin Institute), but the Peale experts are not in agreement about which Peale did this painting; all agree it is a member of the family.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38238">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="2109" public="1" featured="0">
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      <file fileId="210">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="37080">
                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Porcelain dinnerware</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37031">
                <text>1983.06.01-19</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37032">
                <text>1800 (circa) - 1811 (circa)</text>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37033">
                <text>Ten dinner plates: 9.5" diameter; nine luncheon plates: 7.5" diameter</text>
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          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37034">
                <text>Porcelain</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37035">
                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37036">
                <text>Gift of Mrs. C. Buck Churchman</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37037">
                <text>Several pieces of this white porcelain dinner service with overglaze of polychrome decoration have survived with a tradition that they were acquired at the "Point Breeze" sale.  They are of the correct period and of a handsome and serviceable type that might have been regularly used in such a house.  (Matching bowl is 1979.15.01.)</text>
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    <tagContainer>
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        <name>Joseph Bonaparte</name>
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  <item itemId="2209" public="1" featured="0">
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      <file fileId="242">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37094">
                  <text>Portraits and Paintings</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37095">
                  <text>Presented here are portraits and paintings found in various Athenaeum collections.  Most are oil paintings, though a few portraits have been included that were created in other mediums.  There are additional portraits and paintings in the Bonaparte Collection, also available on this site.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38008">
                <text>Alexander I / Aleksandr Pavlovich / Александр Павлович (1777-1825)</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38009">
                <text>1973.04.01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38010">
                <text>1800-1810 (circa)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38011">
                <text>8" x 9.25"</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38012">
                <text>Oil on wood; gilt frame</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="72">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38013">
                <text>General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>Gift of Emily G. Hopkinson</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38015">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>Joseph Hopkinson (and family)</name>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="36230">
                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37080">
                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38528">
                <text>Escutcheon</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38529">
                <text>1961.08.01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38530">
                <text>1804 (circa)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38531">
                <text>27" x 27" x 4.5" </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38532">
                <text>Ormolu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="72">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38533">
                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38534">
                <text>Gift of Dr. Lewis C. Scheffey</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38535">
                <text>On December 2, 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte became Emperor of France.  This ormolu escutcheon, bearing Napoleon's coat of arms with the Imperial eagle, decorated the carriage which conveyed him to Notre Dame.  Surrounding the eagle shield is the collar and badge of the Legion of Honor, an order founded by Napoleon in 1802 which is still the most highly prized decoration in France.  </text>
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  <item itemId="3491" public="1" featured="1">
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    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="47808">
                  <text>Sculpture Collection</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="49972">
                  <text>The Athenaeum’s Sculpture Collection comprises a variety of European and American works in marble, bronze, plaster and ceramic, dating mostly from the 19th century.  A variety of historical literary, mythological, ancient classical, political, military, arts and science figures are represented. &#13;
&#13;
Additional sculptures relating to Napoleon Bonaparte and his family may be viewed online in the Athenaeum's Featured Collection, "Bonaparte Collection." </text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Alexander Hamilton</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50197">
                <text>J. Lanelli after Giuseppe Ceracchi</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50198">
                <text>1804 (circa) - 1810 (circa)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50199">
                <text>Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804) served as secretary and aide-de-camp to Washington during the American Revolution. After the war, he studied law and began a distinguished service in the new government.  In 1789 he became the first United States Secretary of the Treasury and was instrumental in organizing the country's finances and in establishing a national bank.  Hamilton died at the age of forty-seven from wounds suffered in a duel with his political opponent Aaron Burr.&#13;
&#13;
This plaster replica of Giuseppe Ceracchi's 1794 marble bust was made by Lanelli following Hamilton's tragic death.  Ceracchi (b.1751), the renowned Roman sculptor, visited Philadelphia in 1791 and 1794.  Here he modeled many of America's founding fathers, Washington, Jefferson, etc., in the guise of Roman emperors.  The engraving of Hamilton on the US $10 bill is based upon the Ceracchi bust.&#13;
&#13;
Banished from Italy because of his liberal political views, Ceracchi was executed in Paris in 1801 after plotting to assassinate Napoleon. &#13;
&#13;
The bust was painted in 1955.&#13;
</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50200">
                <text>24.0" H</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Plaster; painted in 1955</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="72">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50202">
                <text>General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50203">
                <text>AP.29.01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50204">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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        <name>Ceracchi</name>
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      <tag tagId="118">
        <name>Hamilton</name>
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  <item itemId="2245" public="1" featured="1">
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                <text>General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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                <text>Gift of Lydia Smith Thomson.</text>
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                <text>Lydia Leaming, the daughter of Thomas Leaming and Rebecca Fisher, was born in Philadelphia in 1789. In 1806, Lydia’s mother commissioned artist Thomas Sully to paint a portrait of her 17 year old daughter.</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38378">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
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        <name>Athenaeum Shareholders (and Family)</name>
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        <name>Thomas Sully</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Bust of Napoleon Bonaparte</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>1979.02.01</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>after Antoine-Denis Chaudet</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1807 (circa) - 1809 (circa)</text>
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            <name>Extent</name>
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                <text>22.0" H x 17.5" W x 12.0" D</text>
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            <name>Medium</name>
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                <text>marble</text>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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                <text>Gift of Frances Sabena and Mary Elizabeth Fernley</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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        <name>Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon I)</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Athenaeum’s Sculpture Collection comprises a variety of European and American works in marble, bronze, plaster and ceramic, dating mostly from the 19th century.  A variety of historical literary, mythological, ancient classical, political, military, arts and science figures are represented. &#13;
&#13;
Additional sculptures relating to Napoleon Bonaparte and his family may be viewed online in the Athenaeum's Featured Collection, "Bonaparte Collection." </text>
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      <name>Physical Object</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Napoleon Bonaparte</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>after Antoine-Denis Chaudet</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Bust of Napoleon Bonaparte, with head facing forward, in the Imperial Roman portrait form. 1,200 versions of this official bust (Napoleon's favorite, based on Antoine-Denis Chaudet's 1799 modeling) were carved at Carrara, Italy. </text>
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            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>marble</text>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50357">
                <text>Gift of Frances Sabena and Mary Elizabeth Fernley</text>
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          <element elementId="72">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50359">
                <text>1979.02.01</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50360">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
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  <item itemId="2119" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="37080">
                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>D. Joseph Napoleon Roi des Espagnes et des Indes&#13;
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37103">
                <text>J. B.. Bosio; Louis Rados de Parme&#13;
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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            <name>Medium</name>
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                <text>Lithograph</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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1984.02.01&#13;
&#13;
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Still Image</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Gift of Joseph N. DuBarry, IV&#13;
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        <name>Joseph Bonaparte</name>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Silver ink stand</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>1972.24.01</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Sterling silver</text>
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                <text>Gift of Mr. and Mrs. David Stockwell, 1972</text>
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                <text>10.75" H x 7.5" W</text>
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                <text>glass, metal</text>
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                <text>Gift of Mr. and Mrs. David Stockwell</text>
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                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>1973.06.01</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>E.W.B.</text>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Image 3.0" H x 2.5" W.  Frame 10.0" H x 9.25" W.</text>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36728">
                <text>Oil on Ivory</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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                <text>Joseph Bonaparte gave this painting to Mrs. Joseph Hopkinson. Gift of Emily Gilpin Hopkinson, 1973.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>Jerome Bonaparte (1784-1860), youngest of Napoleon's brothers, married Elizabeth Patterson of Baltimore in 1803. (From that union are descended the American Bonapartes.) Napoleon, however, annulled the marriage by imperial decree and Jerome was made King of Westphalia shortly after his arranged marriage to Princess Catherine of Wurtenberg in 1807. Joseph Bonaparte gave this portrait of Elizabeth Patterson to Mrs. Joseph Hopkinson.</text>
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        <name>Joseph Bonaparte</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
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                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Pauline Bonaparte Borghese</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>1961.01.01</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Antonio Canova</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36664">
                <text>1811 (circa)</text>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>22.0" H x 14.0" D x 39.0" L</text>
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          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Marble</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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                <text>Gift of Stewart Huston</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sculpture of Pauline Bonaparte Borghese reclining semi-nude on a cushioned day-bed, holding a piece of fruit. She is posing as "Venus Vincitrice." This piece is almost identical to the life-size original in the Villa Borghese in Rome, except this version has no bracelet and a non-extended pinky.</text>
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        <name>Antonio Canova</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Athenaeum’s Sculpture Collection comprises a variety of European and American works in marble, bronze, plaster and ceramic, dating mostly from the 19th century.  A variety of historical literary, mythological, ancient classical, political, military, arts and science figures are represented. &#13;
&#13;
Additional sculptures relating to Napoleon Bonaparte and his family may be viewed online in the Athenaeum's Featured Collection, "Bonaparte Collection." </text>
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      <name>Physical Object</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Pauline Bonaparte Borghese</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Antonio Canova</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1811 (circa)</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sculpture of Pauline Bonaparte Borghese reclining semi-nude on a cushioned day-bed, holding a piece of fruit. She is posing as "Venus Vincitrice." This piece is almost identical to the life-size original in the Villa Borghese in Rome, except this version has no bracelet and a non-extended pinky.</text>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>22.0" H x 14.0" D x 39.0" L</text>
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          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Marble</text>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>Gift of Stewart Huston</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>1961.01.01</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50350">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
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    <tagContainer>
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        <name>Antonio Canova</name>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Portraits and Paintings</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="37095">
                  <text>Presented here are portraits and paintings found in various Athenaeum collections.  Most are oil paintings, though a few portraits have been included that were created in other mediums.  There are additional portraits and paintings in the Bonaparte Collection, also available on this site.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Dashkov, Evgeniia Osipovna</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37989">
                <text>1973.01.01</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37990">
                <text>Lawrence, Charles B. (attributed)</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37991">
                <text>1813 (circa)</text>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37992">
                <text>24" x 29"</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37993">
                <text>Oil on canvas; gilt frame</text>
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          <element elementId="72">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37994">
                <text>General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
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                <text>Gift of Emily G. Hopkinson.  Madame Dashkov presented this portrait to her friend, Mrs. William S. Biddle (1800-1842), daughter of early Athenaeum member Joseph Hopkinson.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Evgeniia Osipovna Dashkov (c. 1780-c.1870) was the wife of Andrei I. Dashkov (1776-1831), who in 1809, became the Russian Consul General at Philadelphia under Emperor Alexander I.  Aside from fostering diplomatic and commercial relations, Andrei Dashkov was an ambassador of culture.   In 1816, as a visitor to The Athenaeum, he gave the society maps and books relating to Russia which helped to acquaint Philadelphians with the resources, customs and culture of the Russian Empire.</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37997">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Portraits and Paintings</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Presented here are portraits and paintings found in various Athenaeum collections.  Most are oil paintings, though a few portraits have been included that were created in other mediums.  There are additional portraits and paintings in the Bonaparte Collection, also available on this site.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Timon of Athens</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38065">
                <text>1977.01.01</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38066">
                <text>Leslie, Charles Robert</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1813 (circa)</text>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>36" x 44"</text>
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          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38069">
                <text>Oil on canvas; gilt frame</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38070">
                <text>General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>Gift of William R. Talbot Jr.  in memory of Frances K. Talbot.  Previously in the collection of Frances K. Talbot.  Painting first exhibited at PAFA in 1813.  Subsequently exhibited in 1826, 1827, 1828, 1830, 1844, with all catalogs noting "after Benjamin West"</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Depicts Timon seated in a cave receiving the philosopher Apemantus. Timon leans on a shovel and wears a red toga. Apemantus stands with right hand extended toward Timon, holds staff in left hand, and wears a brown toga and sandals. Frame has spiral turning between moldings along outside of frame and foliate motif along inside of frame.  Leslie was born in England, but his father was a Philadelphia watchmaker who returned to the United States in 1799 with his family.  Leslie went back to England ca. 1812 to study art, especially under Benjamin West.  He continued to exhibit at PAFA.  Was elected an Associate at the Royal Academy in 1821 and an Academician in 1826.  Remained in England for the rest of his life, except for a short period in the U.S. (1833-34).</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38073">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
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  <item itemId="2234" public="1" featured="1">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Portraits and Paintings</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37095">
                  <text>Presented here are portraits and paintings found in various Athenaeum collections.  Most are oil paintings, though a few portraits have been included that were created in other mediums.  There are additional portraits and paintings in the Bonaparte Collection, also available on this site.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38260">
                <text>King Alexander and the Stag (Also known as Alexander III, King of Scotland, rescued from the Fury of a Stag by the Intrepidity of Colin Fitzgerald; The Stag Hunt)</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38261">
                <text>1999.M01.01</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38262">
                <text>Leslie, Charles Robert (After Benjamin West)</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38263">
                <text>1814</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38264">
                <text>80" x 95" (approximate)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38265">
                <text>Oil on canvas; gilt frame</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="72">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38266">
                <text>General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38267">
                <text>Athenaeum Purchase.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38268">
                <text>Charles Robert Leslie (1794-1859), who lived in Philadelphia and studied under Benjamin West (1738-1820) in England, copied West's painting Alexander III, King of Scotland, rescued from the Fury of a Stag by the Intrepidity of Colin Fitzgerald.  [The West original hangs in the National Gallery of Scotland.]</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="38269">
                <text>Leslie presented this painting to his benefactor, Charles Nicoll Bancker (1776-1869), an early Athenaeum member, and it later came to the society from Mr. John Cadwalader who had inherited the painting.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38270">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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      </elementSet>
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  <item itemId="3494" public="1" featured="1">
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      <file fileId="2592">
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    <collection collectionId="9">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="47808">
                  <text>Sculpture Collection</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="49972">
                  <text>The Athenaeum’s Sculpture Collection comprises a variety of European and American works in marble, bronze, plaster and ceramic, dating mostly from the 19th century.  A variety of historical literary, mythological, ancient classical, political, military, arts and science figures are represented. &#13;
&#13;
Additional sculptures relating to Napoleon Bonaparte and his family may be viewed online in the Athenaeum's Featured Collection, "Bonaparte Collection." </text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="15">
      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50223">
                <text>Minerva</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50224">
                <text>George M. Miller</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50225">
                <text>1814 (circa)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50226">
                <text>Hollow plaster cast of Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom, trade, the arts, and strategic warfare. The Romans identified her with the Greek goddess Athena. Although Minerva is often portrayed wearing a helmet, in this sculpture she is seen without a helmet; instead, a narrow band encircles the front top of her head, and her wavy tresses are gathered in the back. &#13;
&#13;
The bust was deposited at the Athenaeum in November of 1814 with several other plaster castings by the sculptor. When moving out of the American Philosophical Society (where the Athenaeum had been renting rooms) and into their own new building in 1847, the Athenaeum for some reason left the bust of Minerva behind. It was finally returned to the Athenaeum in 1961.</text>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50227">
                <text>20.25" H</text>
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          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50228">
                <text>Plaster</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50229">
                <text>Gift of George M. Miller</text>
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          <element elementId="72">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50230">
                <text>General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia&#13;
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50231">
                <text>AP.35.01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50232">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
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    <tagContainer>
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        <name>Miller</name>
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      <tag tagId="121">
        <name>Minerva</name>
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  <item itemId="3513" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="11">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="50368">
                  <text>Athenaeum Archives</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="50369">
                  <text>The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="50450">
                  <text>1814-Present</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Athenaeum Archives Collection contains institutional records and items pertaining to the history of The Athenaeum of Philadelphia.  Examples include financial ledgers, membership records, collections records, photographs, and objects.  Also, records pertaining to the superintendence of the Athenaeum's National Historic Landmark Building.  (This online collection will grow as items are digitized)</text>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50382">
                <text>Record Of Strangers, Volume 1, 1814-1819</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50383">
                <text>Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50401">
                <text>1814-1819</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Fall front secretary desk</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>1961.03.01</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Bouvier, Michel</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1818 - 1820</text>
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            <name>Extent</name>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Mahogany, cherry, pine, maple; ormolu mounts</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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                <text>Gift of Gertruda Vroom Brooks Lushington</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This fall front secretary desk is attributed to the French-born and trained cabinetmaker Michel Bouvier (1792-1874) who emigrated to Philadelphia after the collapse of the Empire in 1815.  By 1819 he had established himself as a cabinetmaker, and in 1825 he was operating a "cabinet &amp; sofa warehouse" on South Second Street, where he remained for more than thirty years.   According to family tradition, Bouvier supplied this desk for Joseph Bonaparte (1768-1844) while superintending the building and furnishing of Bonaparte's home, "Point Breeze" near Bordentown, NJ on the Delaware River.  It is believed that the desk later passed to Garret Dorset Wall (1783-1850), a New Jersey lawyer who handled Bonaparte's legal affairs.  The desk descended to Wall's daughter, Maria Matilda (b. 1815), the wife of New Jersey Governor Peter Dumont Vroom (1791-1874), and it remained in the Vroom family until presented to the Athenaeum in 1961. </text>
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        <name>Joseph Bonaparte</name>
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        <name>Michel Bouvier</name>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Athenaeum Archives</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text>1814-Present</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Athenaeum Archives Collection contains institutional records and items pertaining to the history of The Athenaeum of Philadelphia.  Examples include financial ledgers, membership records, collections records, photographs, and objects.  Also, records pertaining to the superintendence of the Athenaeum's National Historic Landmark Building.  (This online collection will grow as items are digitized)</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Superintendence Committee Minutes, Volume 2, 1819-1826</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1819-1826</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>thumb:001:https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/common/get-jpeg-small.cfm/PAT.SuperComittMinutes_V2_1819-1826.001.Cover.jpg</text>
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                <text>full:001:https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/common/get-jpeg-book.cfm/PAT.SuperComittMinutes_V2_1819-1826.001.Cover.jpg</text>
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            <name>Has Format</name>
            <description>A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50430">
                <text>https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/iiif.cfm/PAT.SuperComittMinutes_V2_1819-1826/manifest</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>PAT.SuperComittMinutes_V2_1819-1826</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Portraits and Paintings</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Presented here are portraits and paintings found in various Athenaeum collections.  Most are oil paintings, though a few portraits have been included that were created in other mediums.  There are additional portraits and paintings in the Bonaparte Collection, also available on this site.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Armatt, Jane Caroline (1798-1856)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38416">
                <text>2017.01.01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Inman, Henry (attributed).   Alternate attribution: Jacob Eichholtz.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1820 (circa)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>25" x 30"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Oil on canvas; gilt frame</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="72">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38422">
                <text>Gift of Major and Mrs. Coryndon Luxmoore.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Born in the autumn of 1798, the younger of two daughters, Jane Caroline Armat was raised in the newly built family home of Loudon in Germantown, Philadelphia. By the age of 11, Jane and her sister Sara were left solely in the care of their grandparents following the death of their mother and father within just three years of each other.</text>
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                <text>At the age of 21, in 1819, Jane married her cousin William Armatt with whom she had two daughters. It was in the early years of their marriage that the artist Henry Inman is believed to have painted this portrait of Jane. </text>
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                <text>Inman, who had established himself as one of the prominent portraitists in New York City by 1829, was also credited with the first successful attempt of genre painting by an American-born artist. His somewhat Romanticised style is perhaps what first appealed to Jane when commissioning this portrait, however it is thought that Jane Caroline Armatt and Henry Inman were good friends too. Their friendship lasted long after the passing of William Armatt in 1822 as Inman is also attributed to painting two later portraits of Jane and her second husband, James Skerrett, an Athenaeum shareholder, after their marriage in 1825.</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38426">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
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        <name>Athenaeum Shareholders (and Family)</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="17">
        <name>Henry Inman</name>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="37080">
                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Curtain fragment from Point Breeze</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1820 (circa)</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Piece of curtain said to be from Point Breeze, Joseph Bonaparte's home near Bordentown, New Jersey.  On paper which was pinned to curtains:  "Piece of Madame Joseph Bonaparte's curtains."&#13;
Background is beige with raised vertical stripes of alternating solid and broken bars.  Embroidered with heavy silk threads (rose, pink, beige, yellow, black and green) in main design of clusters of assorted flowers.  This is bordered by an embroidered vertical pattern of alternating discs and petals in shades of gold, brown and pink.  &#13;
This scrap of fabric was preserved by the Bordentown Library as a souvenier taken when the furnishings of "Point Breeze" were sold at public auction in 1847.</text>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Embroidered silk</text>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>Gift of Bordentown Library</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50329">
                <text>1979.17.01</text>
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            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>10.375" x 12.0"</text>
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        <name>Joseph Bonaparte</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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      <name>Physical Object</name>
      <description>An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.</description>
    </itemType>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Curtain fragment from Point Breeze</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1820 (circa)</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Piece of curtain said to be from Point Breeze, Joseph Bonaparte's home near Bordentown, New Jersey. On paper which was pinned to curtains: "Piece of Madame Joseph Bonaparte's curtains."&#13;
Textured beige background with raised vertical stripes.  Small embroidered design of flowers.&#13;
This scrap of fabric was preserved by the Bordentown Library as a souvenier taken when the furnishings of "Point Breeze" were sold at public auction in 1847.</text>
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                <text>Embroidered silk</text>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>Gift of Bordentown Library</text>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="50336">
                <text>1979.17.02</text>
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            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>4.0" x 10.125"</text>
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        <name>Joseph Bonaparte</name>
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                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Porcelain fruit basket (one of a pair)</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>1979.07.01-02</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1820 (circa) - 1840 (circa)</text>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
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                <text>13.25" L x 8.0" W x 12.75" H</text>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Porcelain</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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                <text>Gift of Pauline T. Pease</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>These elegant fruit baskets are examples of French porcelain imported into the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century.  The baskets, decorated with bands of green glaze and gilt, have caryatid supports of bisque porcelain.  These kneeling winged winged figures are attached to the base and baskets by bolts inserted through a hole in the body of the piece and secured with screws.  This technological innovation in ceramics manufacture, based on the technique used by French silversmith Jean-Baptiste-Claude Odiot (1763-1850), permitted more efficient assembly and greater flexibility of design.</text>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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  <item itemId="2208" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Portraits and Paintings</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Presented here are portraits and paintings found in various Athenaeum collections.  Most are oil paintings, though a few portraits have been included that were created in other mediums.  There are additional portraits and paintings in the Bonaparte Collection, also available on this site.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Pierre de Poletica (1778-1849) </text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>1973.02.01</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Lawrence, Charles B. (attributed)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1821 (circa)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>24" x 29"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Oil on canvas; gilt frame</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>Gift of Emily G. Hopkinson.  Inscription attached to back "Presented to Mrs. Hopkinson her kind wish acordingly by her faithful friend P. Poletica, Bordentown August 31st 1821"</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Pierre de Poletica (1778-1849) was counsellor to the Russian mission in Philadelphia, 1810-1812.  From 1819 to 1821 he again served in the United States, this time as the Russian charge d'affaires in Washington, DC. He was an acute observer of America's political and social life and wrote A Sketch of the Internal Condition of the United States of America, and of their Political Relations with Europe (Baltimore, 1826).</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38007">
                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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        </elementContainer>
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        <name>Joseph Hopkinson (and family)</name>
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  <item itemId="3542" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Athenaeum Archives</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text>1814-Present</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="50451">
                  <text>The Athenaeum Archives Collection contains institutional records and items pertaining to the history of The Athenaeum of Philadelphia.  Examples include financial ledgers, membership records, collections records, photographs, and objects.  Also, records pertaining to the superintendence of the Athenaeum's National Historic Landmark Building.  (This online collection will grow as items are digitized)</text>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Board of Directors Minutes, Volume 2, 1821-1832</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1821-1832</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>thumb:001:https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/common/get-jpeg-small.cfm/PAT.BoardMinutes_V2_1821-1832.001.FrontCover.jpg</text>
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                <text>full:001:https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/common/get-jpeg-book.cfm/PAT.BoardMinutes_V2_1821-1832.001.FrontCover.jpg</text>
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          <element elementId="77">
            <name>Has Format</name>
            <description>A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50549">
                <text>https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/iiif.cfm/PAT.BoardMinutes_V2_1821-1832/manifest</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="50550">
                <text>PAT.BoardMinutes_V2_1821-1832</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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  <item itemId="2030" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37080">
                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>S.A.I. Le Prince Napoleon (Joseph Charles Paul) Commandant le 5e Corps de l'Armee d'Italie</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36434">
                <text>128-PR-007</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36435">
                <text>Maurin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1822</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1 item: 14.5x10"</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36438">
                <text>Lithograph</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="72">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
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        <name>Joseph Bonaparte</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="36230">
                  <text>Bonaparte Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="37080">
                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Madame LaCoste</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36742">
                <text>1973.08.01</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36743">
                <text>Charlotte Bonaparte</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>Landscape sketch</text>
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                <text>Gift of Mrs. E. Alban Watson</text>
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                <text>Oval pencil sketch (landscape) by Charlotte Bonaparte (1802-1839), daughter of Joseph Bonaparte.  Signed "C. 1823" and inscribed: "20 Juillet 1833 / un Souvenir / de Joseph Bonaparte / a son ami Short / Peintre par/ Charlotte [?] fi." Also a later inscription: "20th July 1833, A Souvenir / of Joseph Bonaparte / to his friend Wm. Short / Drawn by my daughter / Charlotte. / C.W.S. / Jan. 1850." Set into a rectangular wooden frame 6 1/2" x 5 1/2".</text>
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                <text>Charlotte Bonaparte</text>
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                <text>1973.05.01</text>
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                <text>Oil on wood panel</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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                <text>Gift of Emily Gilpin Hopkinson</text>
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                <text>Charlotte Bonaparte (1802 – 1839) was the daughter of Joseph Bonaparte and the niece of Napoleon.  Raised in France, Charlotte joined her father in 1821 at his New Jersey Estate, Point Breeze, and remained there until 1824.  This portrait of Charlotte is attributed to painter Charles B. Lawrence.</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                  <text>1826-1869</text>
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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                  <text>This collection of letters contains the correspondence of Sarah Josepha Buell Hale. It contains letters relating to both her professional and personal life and spans a 43 year period. It also contains a small number of letters between her close relatives.</text>
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                <text>46-M-014</text>
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                <text>Sarah Josepha Hale to Emma Willard</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Willard, Emma, 1787-1870</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1824-03-03</text>
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                <text>Manuscripts</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
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                <text>Princess Charlotte</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>128-PR-037</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Firense Litografia Salucci</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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              <text>40 Pall Mall London May 30th [?]&#13;
&#13;
Madam,&#13;
&#13;
About three weeks since I had&#13;
the pleasure to receive the Copy of Northwood&#13;
you did me the favor of sending through [?]&#13;
[Wait &amp; Son.?] I have read the work with very&#13;
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a great degree from the heavy Advertising Duty.&#13;
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&#13;
Cary &amp; Lea.&#13;
I should have felt much pleasure&#13;
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With respect, I am Madam,&#13;
Your Obed Servt&#13;
John Miller&#13;
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              <text>West Point Jan. 8. 1829&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother - I delayed writing [DE: during] till after the examination&#13;
in order that I might give you some account of it and&#13;
also of my station in my class. We have had a pretty severe&#13;
and thorough examination as our class was very large.&#13;
My sensations were not of the most agreeable kind when&#13;
our section was marched into the examination hall where&#13;
our fate was to be decided whether we should receive our&#13;
warrants as cadets [DE: of] or be dismissed from the institution&#13;
We were required to demonstrate on the black board&#13;
the rules in Algebra and theroems [theorems] in Geometry [DE: besides;] and&#13;
to answer innumerable questions. It required us little&#13;
courage [DE: and] to go before the Academic Staff (who were mostly&#13;
officers in the Army and therefore dressed in full uniform) to&#13;
be examined. I was embarrassed a little at first but soon&#13;
became more composed. There was nothing which served to render&#13;
me calmer than the consciousness that in order to do well&#13;
I must be perfectly composed. I believe that I [DE: did] succeded [succeeded]&#13;
pretty well - did not miss any question in Algebra or&#13;
Geometry; in French I did not write my sentence exactly&#13;
right, one word I believe being wrong.&#13;
My standing in Math. is fourteenth in French&#13;
about the same. This is pretty good considering the size of the&#13;
class yet I suppose you wold [would] wish it better. However there is&#13;
time between this and the June examination to rise.&#13;
I have on the whole [DE: g] obtained the standing I expected&#13;
and I am happy. Indeed I do not think I can be more re&#13;
One good proof of it is that I am not [DE: /] in the least home-sick&#13;
I think of home it is true and of my good mother and little&#13;
William, but not with the same feelings I had when [as?]&#13;
a farmer among the rocks of N.H.&#13;
You say that you have not resolved whether&#13;
to get a midshipman's warrant for Horatio or to make&#13;
&#13;
him a Lawyer. There are two or three objections against&#13;
his being a midshipman. One is that they do not get an&#13;
education another that personal health and strength is&#13;
required more than anything else. However If Horatio wishes&#13;
to go to sea permit him rather than oppose his inclination&#13;
I have written to him but have as yet received no&#13;
answer. Give my love to him and William. Also remember&#13;
me to my sisters.&#13;
&#13;
Your affec. Son&#13;
&#13;
D.E. Hale&#13;
&#13;
P.S. I have been vaccinated.&#13;
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              <text>Washington - City. 20th Janry. 1829.&#13;
&#13;
Dear Madam,&#13;
&#13;
I felt much flattered today by the contents of yours&#13;
of the 14th instant. It will give me great satisfaction &#13;
to show that your confidence in my kind&#13;
feelings towards you &amp; your family has not&#13;
been misplaced -&#13;
I had spoken to Mr. Thompson&#13;
concerning your Magazine some days ago; and he has engaged&#13;
to do all in his power for its [consequent?] [invitation?] -&#13;
The rules to be observed for application to be admitted as a &#13;
cadet at West Point are in substance as follows&#13;
&#13;
A memorial should be addressed to the Secretary of War, signed by&#13;
the candidate or his parent, stating his wishes, where he was born,&#13;
his present residence - his age and a reference to the papers&#13;
accompanying to show his good character and progress in&#13;
knowledge By certificates - He must appear to be between 14 &amp; 21 years of age - [DE: ?] over 4 feet 9 inches high - healthy - able to read &amp; write, cypher&#13;
in the elementary rules of arithmetic &amp; reduction &amp; regular &amp; decimal&#13;
fractions -&#13;
The selections from the candidates are made conditionally&#13;
in the month of Feby. or March -&#13;
If you will [ED: page damaged - possibly send onward?]&#13;
to me such a memorial &amp; proper certificates accompanying it&#13;
I think I cannot fail to get your son appointed - Certain&#13;
I am, that no exertion on my part shall be wanting&#13;
to effect an object so desirable not only to his esteemed&#13;
mother but to the young man himself, considering the [taste?]&#13;
he has already carried -&#13;
I find the name of David E. Hale&#13;
now on the list of candidates from Cheshire County (New H.)&#13;
&#13;
Whether it is intended for your son or not I am unable to say:&#13;
but at all events the application ought to be renewed each&#13;
year by the rules - : and a compliance with the above&#13;
suggestions will I trust ensure his [speedy?] success.&#13;
We have no news at this place - Public business seems&#13;
almost suspended by the peculiar condition of [parties?] till&#13;
the 4th of March - and the gay &amp; fashionable world is in the&#13;
mean time somewhat [?]reast by the sudden death&#13;
[ED: page damaged, possibly: of Mrs. Jackson] -&#13;
It would confer great pleasure on me&#13;
[ED: page damaged] you whenever my services can avail aught&#13;
to the welfare of yourself or family; and be assured I am&#13;
With the highest consideration&#13;
Your Most Ob Ser.&#13;
Levi Woodbury&#13;
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              <text>Boston. July 24. 1829&#13;
&#13;
My dear son - This letter will be handed&#13;
you by [?] E. Brewer, brother in law&#13;
of Doctor Storer. I believe you saw&#13;
Mr. B. when in Boston. You must&#13;
show him all the attention in your&#13;
power.&#13;
I sent you a packet by Mr [Walker]&#13;
which you have probably received before&#13;
this time. I have had a letter from&#13;
Newport since I wrote - the little girls&#13;
are Willy are well and [?] love&#13;
to David when I wrote. Willy says&#13;
he want nothing but a little gun he has&#13;
three fishhooks. Now small the trifles will make&#13;
us happy before the thirst for wealth,&#13;
&#13;
that [?] of the soul, takes possession &#13;
of the human being! I wish you&#13;
to be economical and [?], and&#13;
that you should endeavor to support&#13;
yourself independently, but I&#13;
do not covet great wealth for any&#13;
of my children. The experience&#13;
of almost every day confirms me&#13;
in the opinion that the excessive&#13;
love of money is the root of all evil.&#13;
That is taking the meaning of the &#13;
phrase in its most extended sense,&#13;
as not meaning [DE ?] to hoard money only but&#13;
to obtain it to spend extravagantly.&#13;
I hope you will have an education&#13;
that will teach you to set a higher&#13;
estimate on character, on those&#13;
acquirements that elevate the minds,&#13;
&#13;
and pursuits of men than on the false&#13;
pleasures the world offers its [?]&#13;
Well, I have written you a lecture&#13;
without intending it; for I knew not,&#13;
when I took my pen, of what I&#13;
should discourse. I had written you&#13;
so lately and so copiously that really&#13;
I had nothing &amp; just now [particular?]&#13;
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My health is not very good, and my [ED: page torn]&#13;
all say I look paler and thinner than&#13;
usual, and urge me to take a journey.&#13;
- they do not know I am - not at present&#13;
able to do it. Pray write soon; I&#13;
am anxious to hear from you. I see&#13;
the Cadets are "encamped," and I should&#13;
think it would be pleasant to spend&#13;
the warm weather in tents. You can&#13;
have some idea of the life of [michael?]&#13;
now only the camel and the desert is&#13;
wanting. I write this with a glass pen&#13;
a vile thing - but the gift of a good friend.&#13;
Your Mother.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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              <text>West-Point July 30 [1829]&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother - You complain somewhat in your&#13;
last letter that I do not write often engoug [enough] - perhaps&#13;
you have given the only reason yourself. That it&#13;
is partly owing to the multiplicity of my occupations&#13;
but chiefly to my averseness to writing.&#13;
I have every thing now to occupy myself with Drills,&#13;
two or three different ones daily besides parades.&#13;
The [DE: M] Artillery drills are very fine - we have a &#13;
large battery and we keep up a continued roar&#13;
of cannon at drill-time. I received your present&#13;
with great pleasure as books are so scarce here; but&#13;
I have read your letter with much more. Your&#13;
remarks I have treasured them [up?] and in these long &#13;
solitary nights when I am walking my part as&#13;
sentinel I continually think of them. I am sorry&#13;
to find that you are in such low health and spirits&#13;
I think a journey to the Springs would do you good.&#13;
You must remember that your health and comfort is &#13;
much dearer to them than the greatest luxuries you&#13;
could offer them even that of a good education&#13;
&#13;
perhaps I may be selfish and presuming in offering&#13;
these remarks but I have been reading "Elizabeth&#13;
Latimer" and you must forgive me if the thoughts which&#13;
her fate give rise to have [DE: hurried] hurried me into my&#13;
remarks unbefitting me I have heard what good your&#13;
journey to Newburyport did you and this through the&#13;
fine scenery of N. York ought certainly to relax your&#13;
mind and restore its [tone?].&#13;
I study all the spare time I have and recite&#13;
with a small section (all of whom have had letters&#13;
to Superintendant [Superintendent] from their parents who are acquainted with&#13;
him, to Swift a cadet who stands first in his&#13;
class. I am indebted wholly to your name for the&#13;
chance I have of reciting. I am in the first section&#13;
about the middle of it - I shall study hard and get&#13;
to the head if I can. In answer to your former&#13;
letter concerning our board whether I eat much&#13;
meat I can say our chief food is wheat, rice [etc.]&#13;
and I do not eat so much meat as I did while&#13;
in Boston. - I have not been inoculated nor&#13;
can I be till I get in barracks (when we shall be&#13;
released from almost all duty except study) as [DE: I] it&#13;
will unfit me for duty for some days.&#13;
&#13;
I hope you will excuse my bad writing as I write this&#13;
letter in the night. Remember me to my brothers and &#13;
sisters and my friends in N. and B.&#13;
&#13;
Your affectionate Son&#13;
David E. Hale&#13;
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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              <text>Salem&#13;
&#13;
Tuesday Eve, August 18th 1829 -&#13;
&#13;
Mrs Hale,&#13;
&#13;
My dear Madam, Do not think that your acceptable&#13;
note has not laid on my table since yesterday noon without an&#13;
answer because I was too indolent to answer it, or because the promise&#13;
it gave was not a most delightful one to me, but know &amp; believe&#13;
that this is the first minute that my attention has not been completely&#13;
engrossed since its reception. When it came to hand I was just dressed&#13;
to attend the centennial lecture at the "first church in this town, I went&#13;
with you in my mind &amp; I could but regret that you were not present&#13;
to enjoy the intellectual treat that day offered us. When anything striking&#13;
way presented to us in the early history of this "first church planted in America"&#13;
illustrative of the simplicity of manners, firmness of faith &amp; ardour of zeal&#13;
of our worthy ancestors, I could but think how such a mind as yours&#13;
would catch at the traits of character drawn forth by the peculiar circumstances.&#13;
I presume that Mr Upham's lecture will be printed &amp; that you will&#13;
read it, but, if it strikes you favourably as an interesting production, it is&#13;
impossible that you should feel that enthusiasm that you would have&#13;
done to have been on the very spot were the little flock two hundred years&#13;
before me [finance?] their church 2 offered up their prayers &amp; praises. A short biography of several of the first Pastors was given in a concise, clear &amp; interesting&#13;
manner. The two of most interest to me were Roger Williams &amp; Hugh Peters, Should&#13;
have named the latter, first, as he was prior to Williams. Indeed Mrs Hale&#13;
I wish not for fictitious tales of magnanimity, heroism or suffering for virtue's&#13;
sake to awaken my sympathies when I can read or hear passages in the lives of such men -&#13;
You will perceive my admiration of Mr Upham's eloquence &amp; excuse (I hope) my prosing&#13;
to you about it -&#13;
It will be impossible my dear Madam that I can visit you in Boston&#13;
as my recent long vacation must prevent my leaving town again soon, but&#13;
&#13;
you will be pleased to accept my thanks for your polite invitation.&#13;
And now, will you not come to Salem unceremoniously! My sister &amp; self&#13;
will receive you most cordially - ss to time I hardly dare name that; as I&#13;
know not what may be your engagements, yet this or next week week we shall&#13;
depend upon seeing you. Perhaps it might be pleasant to you to spend a Sunday&#13;
here - Would that I could promise you more of my attention than merely between&#13;
school hours, but I will do my best. You must visit our museum &amp; that will&#13;
take one long half day, &amp; if the weather is favourable you must see all our town&#13;
&amp; its delightful environs - I wish you were here tomorrow, for Wednesday afternoon&#13;
is my holiday. In addition to my school of thirty two young Ladies I am myself&#13;
a Spanish scholar, my teacher comes down from Boston &amp; spends every Saturday &amp; &#13;
my class recite in the afternoon of that day -&#13;
I will postpone naming my intelligence of Mrs Smith, as also my apology&#13;
for not calling on you when I returned from [?], until I see you &amp;&#13;
hoping that that may be quite soon permit me to day I am your friend&#13;
Ruth P. Morse - &#13;
&#13;
P.S. I find on looking over my note that in my haste in &#13;
writing, I have left out half my words. I have broken the seal [?]&#13;
give you our address, tell the stageman to leave Mrs Bowditch's&#13;
Munroe Street -&#13;
P.S. Seconde. Circumstances over which I could have no control&#13;
prevented my mailing this until this morning, and now I conclude&#13;
you are all inter[?] in commencement at Cambridge; however,&#13;
Sister bids me give her love to you &amp; say that she shall depend&#13;
on seeing you on friday afternoon of this week, do not dsappoint&#13;
us, if the weather [etc.] permits, we shall invite an arriving&#13;
party to meet you - truly your friend&#13;
R.P. Morse&#13;
Monday Morn. Aug 24th&#13;
&#13;
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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                  <text>This collection of letters contains the correspondence of Sarah Josepha Buell Hale. It contains letters relating to both her professional and personal life and spans a 43 year period. It also contains a small number of letters between her close relatives.</text>
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              <text>Charlottesville (Albemarle Co.)Va. Aug. 27, 1829&#13;
&#13;
To: Mrs. Sarah J. Hale.&#13;
&#13;
Dear Madam: - Your letter of July 16, has been received.&#13;
I have delayed an answer until I was about to&#13;
leave this place, for the purpose of trying my own perseverance&#13;
in the steps which I am about to take - my inclinations&#13;
&amp; feelings prompting me to return to my "air home"&#13;
and the scenes of my dearest recollections; but my ambition&#13;
leading me into the uncertainties of adventure&#13;
- whence either they may be crowned with success or&#13;
defeated by misfortune. - My resolution is now fixed&#13;
- and I am about to try a scheme which has engrossed&#13;
my thoughts and inquiries for the last five months. --&#13;
On the 29th inst. I shall take the Southern Stage for Salisbury,&#13;
N. Carolina; whether I remain there any considerable&#13;
time is uncertain, but it is probable until&#13;
a cool weather comes on; - when I may go South - if my &#13;
"air castles" shall have then vanished - - - -&#13;
It would have pleased me much to have been a [shorer?]&#13;
in your visit home - To have seen my old friend and &#13;
master -"Col. Boston" noosed in those silken fetters with&#13;
which he has been so long dandling - May all good and&#13;
kind Spirits watch over and bless him! I perfectly&#13;
agree with you in your sentiments of his character and &#13;
virtues. - His are kind &amp; ardent feelings - too sensitive&#13;
sometimes, for his own convenience, but always honest&#13;
and honorable. I wish him success in his present&#13;
undertakings - One thing only, have I against him - that of&#13;
neglecting to answer a letter which I wrote him, while at&#13;
[?]; but I have properly concluded that he has&#13;
&#13;
more important business and [?] calls than waiting&#13;
upon me - that his opinion of me is by no means as favorable&#13;
as I may have flattered myself - so adieu. I am pleased to &#13;
notice the late [arranger?] - cuts of [?] Spectator. Mr. French I&#13;
think manages his paper with taste &amp; credit, and my old&#13;
friend &amp; companion Metcalf who finds an opportunity for&#13;
the display of his genius &amp; industry. It might be a good establishment&#13;
in any other state than New Hampshire; for&#13;
such is the competition that only a small profit can be realized&#13;
from a newspaper establishment in that place, though it may&#13;
yield there a good support. I am in hopes that Metcalf will succeed&#13;
- he brings a good share of industry &amp; good habits to&#13;
the undertaking. - - - Mrs. [Forwith's?] remembrances, I believe,&#13;
you put upon me for a quiz - but no matter - The friendship&#13;
which I formed for Mrs. Forwith &amp; family, while at Newport, I&#13;
am now, and always shall be happy to remember, as&#13;
well as for yourself, and many other of the good people,&#13;
whom I have met "in days o' auld lang syne." - - - You ask&#13;
me to "give you a description of the Virginia ladies - that you&#13;
may publish it in the Magazine." Oh, no! I never perpetrated&#13;
a line for the public eye, in all my life - nor can &#13;
I now enter into a dissertation on a subject so intricate and&#13;
presenting so many [?] varieties &amp; changes as do these, the&#13;
very sine qua non of all the perfection &amp; loveliness. I cannot&#13;
do this. Were I to make an effort I could not do them justice;&#13;
for I have not had time and opportunity to know much of the real&#13;
character of the people of Virginia - and much less will I&#13;
meddle with that if the ladies! - - Since I have been&#13;
here I have kept myself rather retired, as I felt myself&#13;
a stranger among them and perceived the stifled prejudice&#13;
of the people against "Yankees" - or northern people; yet I have&#13;
often been invited to attend parties, et cetera. I have attended&#13;
two cotillion parties, where I have met some very pretty ladies&#13;
&#13;
[ED: the following appears in red ink, written sideways on the page through&#13;
the above text, and is difficult to read. Follows page 4, which references the red insert]&#13;
&#13;
and [low?] as any that I have ever seen - So that all is not&#13;
[gossip?]! Yesterday towards evening, I returned having spent&#13;
two days very pleasantly. Indeed none can complain of the hospitality.&#13;
as for Virginians, though they are jealous of Northern people,&#13;
[correctly?][?] [?] [much?] [?] no [?] [?]"Yankee peddlers [?]&#13;
adventurers- I must conclude, for the rain is falling&#13;
fast &amp; the thermometer stand at 64° all day, which has quite&#13;
[diminished?] [?] [senses?] - But, when I shall leave&#13;
reached a warmer clime you shall again hear from poor&#13;
'Tom Quigg. A wanderer." I look forward to the time, when&#13;
I shall again meet you together [?] [?] [?] [?] &#13;
-fondly [nothing?] [?] trusting to me [that?] happiness [at?] a [future?]&#13;
time which will [do?] [for?] the present. Lo Adieu,&#13;
dear reader - my grateful remembrances are ever&#13;
yours - - - Roswell Elmer, Jr. &#13;
&#13;
ladies. I should not utter my real sentiments were I to say, that &#13;
they exceeded in beauty &amp; accomplishments the fair of my own state,&#13;
&amp; were I to speak against them I should do them an injustice. - They&#13;
spend more of their time in dancing &amp; visiting and less to study &amp;&#13;
to improvement of the mind than ladies of the same wealth&#13;
in N.E. They make but a light matter of riding 15 miles on horseback&#13;
to a dinner party (Indeed [they?] can ride no other way on account&#13;
of the badness of the roads, and the bye paths in which they have to&#13;
travel across plantations, [etc.]) The prettiest dancer that I have met&#13;
among the ladies was Miss Randolph, a sister of Dr. Jeff. Randolph&#13;
- she is the youngest of the family - about 17. She is not handsome,&#13;
nor are any of the family. Mr. T.J. Randolph is a man of about &#13;
35 years of age, six feet two inches high &amp; quite spare in form -&#13;
His right arm is useless from a wound received from his &#13;
brother-in-law (Fawcett who married his sister) with a dirk&#13;
knife in a quarrel. Fawcett is a dissipated man, and becomes mad&#13;
when intoxicated - His wife died four years since, and it is said by&#13;
many to have been occasioned by his ill-treatment. Mr. Randopl &#13;
is as much esteemed as any man in the county He lives at a beautiful&#13;
residence called "Edgehill"(tho' not the scene of a no[ED: page damaged]&#13;
that title, published in Richmond last season. The day before&#13;
yesterday I took a ride down to Everettsville, about eight miles&#13;
distant, to visit some friends with whom I had become acquainted&#13;
there. I had an opportunity of seeing the plentious&#13;
[harvest?] &amp; every thing pertaining to a country life. - Col. Rodgers&#13;
thinks his corn crop will amount to [7,500?] bushels &amp; his wheat crop&#13;
in proportion - Imagination can hardly conceive the beauty of&#13;
[these?] luxurious [fields] of golden grain. I went about a mile&#13;
&amp; a half further to the plantation of Col. Lindsay where I stayed&#13;
until the next evening. I had spent a day, before, with Col. L. and&#13;
now came to bid him good bye for the last time perhaps! His&#13;
hospitality I can never forget - To meet with the friendly &amp; hospitable,&#13;
in a land of strangers, is like the cheering rays of the noonday&#13;
sun - dispelling the mist of sadness which dwells upon the&#13;
mind of the wanderer. His farm consists of about eight hundred&#13;
acres of land &amp; fifteen negroes - and he is himself a practical [farmer?].&#13;
His house, two stories high tho' not large or splendid, but surrounded&#13;
&#13;
surrounded with beautiful shade trees. With an agreeable wife and&#13;
family of six children - the oldest daughter of 17, just married.&#13;
- I could not fail to be agreeably entertained. The house was not&#13;
finished, or furnished with the splendid furniture which you &#13;
meet in the houses of farmers of half the wealth in N. England;&#13;
but every thing appears in a most rustic form. But still&#13;
they live at their ease, - [DE: and] every thing [DE: must] being done by the&#13;
&#13;
servants. With regard to the employment of the ladies - they would&#13;
be considered idle by the people of the north; But who would be industrious&#13;
if they could do without exertion? Many of the ambitious&#13;
middling class of people are industrious &amp; in some measure&#13;
follow the customs of the north - but the customs &amp; habits are&#13;
so fixed that they cannot well get along without falling into the&#13;
modes of the majority. Every kind of laborious work must be&#13;
done by the negroes. There are some white people here who are as poor&#13;
See red [insert?]&#13;
&#13;
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              <text>Boston Oct 5, 1829&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son,&#13;
&#13;
I was very much gratified by&#13;
your last letter, more indeed than you can&#13;
understand. You are yet ignorant of the&#13;
fervent and engulfing affection which a parent&#13;
feels for a child. The love of a mother,&#13;
especially of a widowed mother, who enters her&#13;
thoughts and builds her hopes of future earthly&#13;
happiness only on the merit and success &#13;
of her children is, of all human feelings, perhaps&#13;
the most intense and exhaustless.&#13;
I rejoice therefore for myself as well as&#13;
you [DE: that] at your prospect of taking an honorable&#13;
station in your class. Indeed I should&#13;
been disappointed had you not been in&#13;
the first section, at least, in one branch&#13;
of study. I know your advantages of attending&#13;
schools, academies [etc.?] have not been equal&#13;
to what scolars [scholars] usually enjoy - but you have&#13;
had an education that has fitted you to depend&#13;
on yourself. you are familiar with&#13;
studying alone, and that you will find&#13;
no small benefit.&#13;
&#13;
Your course of study has but just commenced, and&#13;
tho' you obtain a station in the first section you&#13;
must not forget the price by which only it can be&#13;
retained. Application (I understand there is no favoritism&#13;
or shuffling allowed in the examinations at West&#13;
Point. what a pity our Colleges are not on a similar&#13;
rigid system) only can ensure you a continued&#13;
elevation in your class. I need not tell you how&#13;
anxious I am that you should be among the&#13;
five. I believe you will endeavor to be; and there&#13;
are but few things, among the possible, which determined&#13;
industry and perseverance cannot achieve.&#13;
You allude to Larnedd [Larned] as if you supposed I thought&#13;
his marks of demerit were all incurred for moral&#13;
offenses, or at least for mental dulness [dullness], or indolence.&#13;
I had no such idea. I expected many, if not most,&#13;
were incurred for neglect of military requirements.&#13;
My son, I do not esteem such faults trivial. When&#13;
he entered the Academy did he not agree to submit&#13;
to the arrangements, and discipline which had&#13;
been there established? It is not for the students to &#13;
question the utility or the wisdom of those rules.&#13;
[DE: ? ? have been] The rules were prepared by our legislators and&#13;
experienced officers, they doubtless gave none&#13;
which they considered would be "more honored in &#13;
the breach than the observance." The strictness&#13;
of discipline necessary to retain an army of men in proper&#13;
[?]bor [?] requires that faults, which the civil law&#13;
would hardly recognize as pecadillos [peccadilloes], should be &#13;
punished as crimes. It was probably with the&#13;
&#13;
idea of imbuing the young men, who we considered&#13;
as the future officers of our army, with&#13;
somewhat of the precision of military etiquette&#13;
that so much account is made of those trivial&#13;
offenses. - And those who expect to command should&#13;
first learn to obey. - I should be very sorry to&#13;
have you incur marks of demerit for neglect of&#13;
military duty- I should be more grieved if you&#13;
failed in your recitations - but [DE: more] severe&#13;
would be my regret should you be guilty of crime.&#13;
In short, I am anxious to have you one of the first&#13;
and best in all things.&#13;
I had a safe journey to Newport, found all the&#13;
children well - Horatio is in the printing office&#13;
at [N.?] and boards with Mr.[?], Martha Ann&#13;
&amp; Sarah [ED: hole in paper] boarding with Mrs. Eds and will pas[?]&#13;
the winter [?]nder [under] hers &amp; Mr Edes' instruction. Little&#13;
Willy I brought with me to Boston - I could not&#13;
bear the separation longer. He has grown&#13;
some, but his health is not very good. He says&#13;
- 'Tell David I love him and want to see&#13;
him very, very much.&#13;
You must write to Horatio and your sisters,&#13;
You can write to them all in one letter. They&#13;
are anxious to have a letter from you.&#13;
I shall send you newspapers occasionally,&#13;
and the first opportunity some books.&#13;
Write soon, and tell me how you get on in&#13;
your studies. Do you have sufficient pay to support&#13;
you? Yours through life&#13;
Sarah J. Hale&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West Point&#13;
N. York.&#13;
&#13;
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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              <text>Boston Nov. 14, 1829&#13;
&#13;
I have delayed writing you, my Son,&#13;
with the hope that an opportunity would&#13;
present by which I should be enabled to&#13;
transmit you some books along with&#13;
my letter. I have now the prospect of&#13;
sending them the last of this month, &#13;
but I feared you would think my silence&#13;
was caused by illness or some unpleasant&#13;
circumstance and so I cannot refrain &#13;
till that time from giving you the &#13;
pleasure of knowing I am very well.&#13;
Your brothers and sisters are also in fine&#13;
health. I heard from Newport yesterday.&#13;
Martha Ann &amp; Sarah have had the measles,&#13;
but they have recovered and are happy&#13;
as birds. M. gets on well in her Latin.&#13;
Horatio is contented though he will think&#13;
you are vastly favored in having such&#13;
a snug seat at West Point with [the?]&#13;
hope of gaining the honor or the&#13;
first Institution in our country.&#13;
Indeed, my dear son, I think you&#13;
&#13;
have a '[price?] put into your hands,' and I&#13;
hope you are improving it. But why do&#13;
you not write me oftener? You know how&#13;
anxious I am to learn all that regards&#13;
your course of studies and your progress.&#13;
Do you attend at all to your Greek and&#13;
Latin? I know the former is not much to&#13;
your liking, and now you can omit it&#13;
with impunity I fear you will. But recollect&#13;
that your mother wishes you to be a scholar&#13;
as well as a scientific and military student.&#13;
I know that you cannot excel in all studies,&#13;
that art is long and life short; but there&#13;
will be intervals in which you may, by judicious&#13;
improvement, obtain a knowledge of&#13;
those languages that are, as it were, the&#13;
interpreters of thoughts and sentiments that even&#13;
now influence, buy sympathy, the wise and&#13;
learned of every nation. Latin and Greek are&#13;
study in every seminary throughout the world&#13;
that professes to educate scholars- I wish those&#13;
languages, or Latin at least, was made a necessary&#13;
part of the studies at West Point - because I&#13;
think the youn [young] men would then have the foundation&#13;
of the acquisition of other languages&#13;
permanently and systematically established.&#13;
And in America gentlemen should be [DE: more]&#13;
&#13;
skilled in the modern languages – they ought&#13;
to speak the French &amp; Spanish, if no more, fluently.&#13;
They may be sent on foreign missions - or&#13;
they may wish to travel in Europe and if they did not&#13;
they will meet with the men in are our own country&#13;
who use those languages - and there is all&#13;
South America where they would be necessary.&#13;
But I need say no more, for I am sure you&#13;
will not think your education complete&#13;
while you can only speak one among all&#13;
the dialects of the nation. I urge you more&#13;
on this point because I know you are naturally&#13;
more inclined to love mathematical studies&#13;
and the pomp &amp; circumstance of your military&#13;
shows, than [?] and philological&#13;
researches. Another branch of your duty which you do not&#13;
yet wish, and chiefly because you will not&#13;
make [ED: hole in page] familiar in writing to me. You&#13;
will, I hope, for the future be more [?].&#13;
Tell me what your studies now are - when and&#13;
how long are your vacations - who are your&#13;
particular friends - describe their characteristics,&#13;
their persons and dispositions as far&#13;
as you understand them- and the good qualities&#13;
for which you esteem them - and&#13;
tell me have you been [vaccinated?]?&#13;
There, I have given you subjects for half a&#13;
dozen letters. [?], I must not forget to tell&#13;
&#13;
you of little Willy - dear creature, he is well &#13;
and so happy! He always [?] your letter&#13;
and says 'how I love brother David! when&#13;
will he come to Boston.'&#13;
Your affectionate&#13;
Mother.&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West Point&#13;
N. Y.&#13;
&#13;
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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              <text>West Point Nov 19. 1829&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother&#13;
&#13;
You wish me to write to you often.&#13;
I shall endeavour for the future to comply with your&#13;
request yet whenever I attempt to write I generally&#13;
produce such puerile letters that I am ashamed to send&#13;
them. I have actually been trying almost every day&#13;
for this last month to write to you and have several&#13;
times abandoned the attempt in despair.&#13;
You say I must attend to the study of the dead&#13;
languages, they have been dead to me for the last four months&#13;
for I have not read a dozen lines in the Latin or Greek.&#13;
Indeed I have but barely time sufficient to get Mathematical&#13;
and French lessons. We are in the recitation rooms&#13;
above four hours and Military duty [etc.] take up a great part &#13;
of the time, thus we [?] have eight hours to study and &#13;
read. There are but very few who get their lessons perfectly,&#13;
that is, who can[DE: not] answer questions which [have?]&#13;
any bearing on the lesson; and to do this they are obliged&#13;
to consult other books on the subject in short they must&#13;
know as much about it as their professors. Although I&#13;
thought before I came here that I had studied hard yet&#13;
I find the difficulty in the study of the languages is nothing&#13;
in comparison with that of Mathematicks. In the former&#13;
memory and very ordinary talents are required; in the later&#13;
[DE: a] invention, a mind suited to the study, and above all industry.&#13;
You wish me to write about my friends, their characters,&#13;
[etc.] I rank Frank Vinton as the first not only because&#13;
I became acquainted with him first, but also because&#13;
&#13;
he is the finest young man in the Academy. He stands &#13;
fourth in the first class and is regarded as [being] [DE: ?] better&#13;
acquainted with literature than any one in his class.&#13;
He is my friend not so much for my sake alone as for&#13;
yours, that is he likes me as the son of Mrs Hale Editress [etc.]&#13;
therefore you are bound to think as highly of him as I do.&#13;
He is the orator in the Dialectic Society. This Society is a sort &#13;
of club among the Cadets intended to perfect the [them] in declamation&#13;
writing [DE: ?] [etc.]&#13;
your promise of sending some books is most&#13;
agreeable to me. There is nothing I like so well as reading an&#13;
entertaining book after laborious study. It gives me new relish&#13;
for my studies. We shall begin Geometry next week. I never&#13;
studied it you know, and therfore [therefore] cannot tell whether I shall&#13;
succeed as well in it as I have done in Algebra. As you say&#13;
you wish me to get a respectable standing in my class perhaps&#13;
you will be glad to learn that I am in the first section in both&#13;
French and Mathematicks. This last study study suits me better&#13;
than the Latin though I shall devote my [DE: spare] spare&#13;
time to it. I am glad to hear that my sisters are well and happy&#13;
and that Horatio is contented. Give my love to William and tell&#13;
him if he wishes to see a camp and real soldiers he must come&#13;
here next summer with you.&#13;
Your Son&#13;
D.E. Hale&#13;
&#13;
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                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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                <text>Gift of Mrs. Samuel R. Shipley III</text>
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                <text>Old Paris porcelain chocolate set, white with gold drapery decoration, France, c. 1830, consisting of one 9" plate; five 2 3/4" straight-side cups; five 2 1/4" round-sided cups; four 4 3/4" saucers; three 5" saucers.  According to family tradition, this set was a gift from Joseph Bonaparte, former King of Spain, elder brother of Napoleon I.</text>
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                  <text>Presented here are portraits and paintings found in various Athenaeum collections.  Most are oil paintings, though a few portraits have been included that were created in other mediums.  There are additional portraits and paintings in the Bonaparte Collection, also available on this site.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Bird, Eleanor Blaney</text>
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                <text>1830 (circa)</text>
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            <name>Extent</name>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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                <text>Gift of Eleanor Bird Light.</text>
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                <text>Eleanor Blaney Bird (1806-1888) was the wife of Henry Bird (1803-1864) sixth Librarian of the Athenaeum of Philadelphia.</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
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                  <text>Sculpture Collection</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Athenaeum’s Sculpture Collection comprises a variety of European and American works in marble, bronze, plaster and ceramic, dating mostly from the 19th century.  A variety of historical literary, mythological, ancient classical, political, military, arts and science figures are represented. &#13;
&#13;
Additional sculptures relating to Napoleon Bonaparte and his family may be viewed online in the Athenaeum's Featured Collection, "Bonaparte Collection." </text>
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                <text>Georges Cuvier</text>
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                <text>Unknown, probably French</text>
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                <text>Plaster portrait bust of Georges Cuvier, depicted with long sideburns, and short wavy hair forming a v-shaped widow's peak on the forehead.  Inscribed along bottom front: G. CUVIER.&#13;
&#13;
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier (1769 - 1832), known as Baron Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist  widely admired for his research and publications on zoology and paleontology. Cuvier was a major figure in natural sciences research in the early 19th century and was instrumental in establishing the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology through his work in comparing living animals with fossils.  He was perpetual secretary of the National Institute and as a public official was connected with public education generally.  In 1808 he was placed by Napoleon upon the Council of the Imperial University. &#13;
&#13;
The Athenaeum of Philadelphia holds books by Cuvier on the subjects of zoology, geology, and paleontology in its Rare Book Collection.</text>
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                <text>Gift of Roger W. Moss</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html&#13;
</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Hale Collection</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                  <text>1826-1869</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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                  <text>This collection of letters contains the correspondence of Sarah Josepha Buell Hale. It contains letters relating to both her professional and personal life and spans a 43 year period. It also contains a small number of letters between her close relatives.</text>
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              <text>Boston, Jan 31 1830&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son - I wrote to you about the&#13;
middle of December, and sent a packet of&#13;
books by a gentleman going to New York,&#13;
who engaged two forward them to you.&#13;
In your letter of Jan - 8th - you do not mention&#13;
them. I shall send you more when&#13;
a good opportunity presents. If any&#13;
one of your acquaintance visits Boston&#13;
and you could let me know it I would [improve?]&#13;
the chance and send "a volume or two - but&#13;
till I hear you have rec'd those already&#13;
sent I shall fear to trust any more to a&#13;
[chance?] conveyance.&#13;
I am glad to hear you have passed the&#13;
examination so creditably - your station&#13;
is about as I expected - tho' before you graduate&#13;
I hope you will be able to stand higher.&#13;
[DE; ?] The eminence that you can win&#13;
fairly, honorably, by industry and your&#13;
deportment should be your ambition&#13;
&#13;
- it is mine for you. - But then I shall&#13;
never repine that others deservedly excel&#13;
you, nor should you envy such.- We ought&#13;
rather to rejoice that our country has many&#13;
that are aiming at high attainments,&#13;
and if our powers of mind do not allow&#13;
us to win the first honor, we can cultivate&#13;
the noble philanthropy which exults &#13;
that is won by others. There is no spirit more&#13;
to be dreaded than the meanness which&#13;
would check the career of talents and genius&#13;
because unable to keep pace with them.&#13;
Next to seeing your name deservedly &#13;
the first on the list of your class the&#13;
greatest pleasure will be to know that&#13;
you have vigorously striven and studied&#13;
for it, and failed only because others were&#13;
more worthy - and that you acquiesce in &#13;
the decision with the feeling of admiration&#13;
and love for those who have out-stripped you.&#13;
- I am glad to hear you are so happy,&#13;
- only, my Son, remember to retain the&#13;
innocence of soul you now possess&#13;
and cultivate your intellect, your&#13;
reason - and you may always be&#13;
happy.&#13;
I have applied to the Secretary of &#13;
&#13;
the Navy to obtain a situation for Horatio&#13;
but have not yet rec'd an answer.&#13;
Horatio wishes to go - yet he will submit&#13;
to do what I wish - and is now as busy&#13;
as a bee at work in the printing press&#13;
of Mr. French - Mr. Barton has just been&#13;
to Newport, he writes me that Horatio&#13;
sets the most correct proof of any&#13;
one in the Office - and works nearly as&#13;
fast - he has already [earned?] considerable&#13;
by overwork, He is now, for the first [time?],&#13;
learning the lesson of depending on&#13;
himself. But then I shall not forget&#13;
any [ED: hole in page] you. I shall do all I can - but&#13;
you[r] sisters and little Willey must&#13;
for the present be wholly dependent&#13;
on me. Mr Edes and his wife write that &#13;
the little girls are very good - they learn&#13;
[?] - and William reads almost as&#13;
much as you did when here last&#13;
summer. He often wishes you were &#13;
here to perform experiments for&#13;
him. When you write your next&#13;
letter do say a few words to him. It&#13;
will please him so much - he always&#13;
[?] your letters - and reads them&#13;
over and over - he reads writing you &#13;
know very well. Your Mother.&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West. Point&#13;
N. York.&#13;
</text>
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                <text>Sarah Josepha Hale to David E. Hale</text>
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                <text>1830-01-31</text>
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                <text>January 31, 1830</text>
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                <text>Manuscripts</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
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        <name>United States Military Academy</name>
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              <text>West Point Feb. 10. 1830&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother&#13;
&#13;
I was much surprised to see by your&#13;
last letter that you had sent me some books in Dec. last&#13;
I have received no books but I had a letter from you about &#13;
the middle of Dec. stating that you had no convenient&#13;
opportunity to send them. I had been expecting some for&#13;
a long time, you can judge then of my disappointment at&#13;
learning that they had [DE: ?] miscarried. I have a great &#13;
deal of leisure time at present as there is no military&#13;
duties to attend to, and plane Geometry which we are&#13;
studying is truly plain and easy. Something to read would&#13;
therefore be very acceptable. Can you not if it is not&#13;
too much trouble [DE: ?] send by the mail a Magazine or&#13;
two regularly? The Museum or Casket which I suppose&#13;
you receive. I would subscribe for several but Colonel&#13;
Thayer will not allow the Cadets to take more than&#13;
one at a time. I am undetermined what one to take&#13;
but I think I should like the the Museum. Pray write&#13;
what one you think best.&#13;
You wrote something concerning jeaalousy [jealousy]&#13;
and rivalry among classmates. The strict examinations&#13;
and the standing in the class determined according to&#13;
Merit in, our studies, would naturally lend one to suspect&#13;
that some jealousy would arise among members of the&#13;
same class. But is not allowed in this institution.&#13;
If any cadet should show any he would be despised by&#13;
the whole corps. No one however high he may stand&#13;
in his class can presume to look down on any one&#13;
below him. Gentlemanly manners are required here, while&#13;
at some colleges many of the best students are as rude&#13;
&#13;
[DE: are as rude] and uncivil as boors.&#13;
Horatio then goes into the Navy.&#13;
What will the old women of Newport say to that, I wonder&#13;
One of your sons in the Navy the other in the Army!!!&#13;
I am glad to hear the girls are wll and happy.&#13;
Little William you say wants [DE: I] a letter I will try&#13;
to write one&#13;
Your aff. Son&#13;
D.E Hale&#13;
&#13;
Letter of Magor [Major] General David E. Hale&#13;
to the most learned and reverand [reverend] William G. Hale&#13;
&#13;
Revered Sir,&#13;
My mother tells us that you have&#13;
applied yourself to your [?] studies with great&#13;
industry; that you have learned to read writing.&#13;
Therefore I have [DE: learned] taken the liberty to write&#13;
you the following letter.&#13;
Dear William I am well and hope this&#13;
letter will find you enjoying the same blessing.&#13;
Your Brother&#13;
David E. Hale&#13;
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              <text>Boston, March 7. 1830.&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son-.&#13;
I have not had a good &#13;
opportunity to send you any books&#13;
since I last wrote, nor do I think any&#13;
will occur till the steamboats begin&#13;
their trips. I have sent papers and &#13;
one pamphlet, and now forward two&#13;
others with this letter by a gentleman&#13;
going to New York who will put them&#13;
in the mail.&#13;
The packet of books I sent were&#13;
consigned to the care of Paul Spofford, Esq,&#13;
he is a merchant under the firm of [Tighman?]&#13;
Spofford &amp; Co. - I think that is the firm. If any&#13;
of the Cadets visit the city you can send by&#13;
them to make enquiries respecting the&#13;
gentleman. they will find his name in the&#13;
Directory, and perhaps the books [are?]&#13;
now in his care. In great haste&#13;
Your Mother.&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West Point&#13;
N. York&#13;
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              <text>Boston, June 4, 1830-&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son -&#13;
I have not forgotten you, tho'&#13;
I have seen all my others.- I wanted you&#13;
at Newport very much, - and then I could&#13;
have kept a "Thanksgiving" even without&#13;
"pumpkin pie.' I found my children all&#13;
well, and happy. Horatio is a fine boy -&#13;
his conduct is an example for youth&#13;
and I only wish I could assist him to&#13;
obtain an education. He has relinquished&#13;
the plan of entering the Navy. I do not feel&#13;
satisfied with it - and he will now bend his&#13;
energies to the obtaining an education&#13;
and probably study Law. He will stay with Mr. French till September.&#13;
Martha Ann and Josepha (we call her so&#13;
now) I took with me to Keene and placed &#13;
them under the care of Miss [Fiske?]. They&#13;
are pretty girls and are improving finely.&#13;
Wm. made the whole tour from Boston&#13;
by the way of Portsmouth and [?]&#13;
to Newport and Keene and then to Boston&#13;
delighted with all he saw - but most delighted&#13;
with the opportunity of seeing his sisters.&#13;
&#13;
He left them with much regret, tho' he was not&#13;
willing to stay in Keene without me. He is&#13;
now anticipating your visit, and asks&#13;
me every day, when you will come&#13;
to Boston. Have you any prospect&#13;
of obtaining leave to come here this summer?&#13;
I do not dare to anticipate it lest&#13;
I should be disappointed.&#13;
Have you seen Mr Watson? and have&#13;
you rec'd a packet of books I sent by a &#13;
Mr Johnson - a N.Y. merchant?&#13;
I have not, of late sent you any papers.&#13;
[one?] reason I have been absent, another&#13;
I thought it was so near examination&#13;
you would have little leisure for reading.&#13;
I feel very anxious to have you&#13;
pass the examination creditably, and have&#13;
little doubt you will - but it is not probable&#13;
you will, at this time, be among the "first five."&#13;
- Your acquaintances and friends in&#13;
Newport are all well. I saw Henry Baldwin&#13;
he has grown finely, and is a very interesting&#13;
youth. Mr &amp; Mrs. Edes expressed much pleasure&#13;
at your success, and many hopes&#13;
for your prosperity.&#13;
[Havey?] is working at his trade - and will&#13;
be a money-making mechanic, I presume&#13;
&#13;
presume - for the love of money has always &#13;
been his [lesson?].&#13;
Your aunt Sarah expresses very anxious&#13;
desires to see you - and I believe she will&#13;
be very much gratified if you can&#13;
visit them in Keene. Should your&#13;
leave of absence be of sufficient length&#13;
to permit an excursion to Keene&#13;
and time to spend a day or two&#13;
there I will go with you, and then&#13;
you will see your sisters.&#13;
An engagement prevents me from&#13;
filling the sheet.&#13;
Wm. sends love. Your affection[ED: paper damaged]&#13;
Mother&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West-Point&#13;
N. York.&#13;
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              <text>Boston, Aug 18, 1830&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son - Enclosed is one dollar. I&#13;
would have sent more had I it on hand.&#13;
I was sorry after you left that I did &#13;
not give you more - and I was more&#13;
sorry that you went off so unceremoniously.&#13;
Remember always, and "act your &#13;
part" in the present moment. You are&#13;
too visionary, - and you waste your time,&#13;
and fritter away your present happiness &#13;
repining that the past was not all&#13;
sunshine, forgetting that every one&#13;
without exception with whom you&#13;
mingle have some causes of dissatisfaction.&#13;
I do not believe there many&#13;
in your Institution, but consider your&#13;
situation, and prospects enviable.&#13;
I am not giving you a lecture -&#13;
only hints that I hope you will&#13;
improve, and that I shall have&#13;
the satisfaction of seeing you have&#13;
applied them when we meet again.&#13;
[?]&#13;
&#13;
Mr Lothrop will take charge of all&#13;
the articles you left here, and he&#13;
will probably visit you in the &#13;
course of two or three weeks. Should&#13;
he be prevented from taking his intended&#13;
tour to Albany he will send the&#13;
package by the steam boat.&#13;
I shall go to Keene in about two weeks&#13;
so you must not expect to hear&#13;
from me again til after&#13;
my return. Willey is well and &#13;
happy - he enjoys the present and does&#13;
not [rail?] at the past. Let me tell you&#13;
one rule for your communications&#13;
to stranger, and indeed all excepting&#13;
your own family. Never cast any suspicions&#13;
on your own standing in&#13;
society by complaining of the disagreeables&#13;
of your lot while in N.H.&#13;
[?] is your birth place, and you will&#13;
gain no credit by deprecating it,&#13;
or the people thereof. Let the trials of&#13;
life make us better - of what avail is it&#13;
to find fault? We cannot mend the&#13;
world - but we may correct our own&#13;
faults. You are young in years, but in&#13;
experience of the world, or its crosses and&#13;
&#13;
cares you have had lessons which do&#13;
not always occur. Yet wisdom may&#13;
be gathered from them, and happiness&#13;
too, as easily as discontent.&#13;
Of those who are left, without property,&#13;
or [nil?] friends, at your age, how very&#13;
few are so fortunate, or placed in such&#13;
an eligible situation as I have obtained for&#13;
you. I think it ungrateful that you&#13;
should look on the advantages I could not&#13;
obtain for you with such eager anxiety,&#13;
and apparently forget the many privileges&#13;
you have enjoyed.&#13;
But enough of this - the time &#13;
will come when you will find that&#13;
all [ED: page torn] not happiness which appears so&#13;
and that the worth of friends and relatives&#13;
does not all consist in riches -&#13;
or in living fashionably. The world is&#13;
generally what we make it by our own temper&#13;
and exertions; either a place of rational and&#13;
innocent enjoyment - or one of discontent,&#13;
of dislike, and often wretchedness.&#13;
If you wish to be happy and beloved, be calm&#13;
and kind when with your friends - and never treat&#13;
a relative with less attention or deference than you&#13;
would a stranger. Your Mother&#13;
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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              <text>Boston, Sept. 20, 1830&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son - You have probably before&#13;
this heard that your mother has obtained&#13;
the prize - among the poets, I send&#13;
you a paper containing the poem,&#13;
and likewise the proceedings for the&#13;
day. This paper you may keep, as you&#13;
may hereafter wish to refer to it.&#13;
I have rec'd numerous congratulations&#13;
from my friends, and&#13;
must acknowledge I am myself&#13;
quite gratified with the share fame&#13;
or fortune has accorded me on &#13;
the Centennial Anniversary. The&#13;
greatest pleasure however, is connected&#13;
with the idea of the satisfaction&#13;
my children will derive from the&#13;
circumstance, and the advantages&#13;
which my success may be to them.&#13;
- I have not yet made my visit to my &#13;
friends at Keene. your aunt is absent&#13;
&#13;
at Troy, N.Y. and will not return till next&#13;
week, so I have deferred my journey till that&#13;
time; but I had a letter from the dear&#13;
little girls last week - Martha Ann says&#13;
I must say to her brother David that&#13;
she wants an answer to her letter, that&#13;
she sent him - and she desires you&#13;
will write a Latin letter. Perhaps,&#13;
in French would satisfy her. I believe&#13;
she is making good proficiency in&#13;
her studies. - I expect Horatio this&#13;
week he will spend a few days in&#13;
Boston, and then accompany&#13;
me to Keene. Willey is merry as&#13;
ever, and sends a great deal of love&#13;
to brother David.&#13;
Apropos - have you rec'd the package&#13;
I forwarded by Mr Lothrop? I hope&#13;
so because I fear Mr [?] will want&#13;
his [?]. -&#13;
The next letter you write me will, I&#13;
trust be longer than the last, and let it&#13;
be descriptive of your studies, pleasures&#13;
- duties (the last should be first) [etc.?]&#13;
By the way, you will observe that I&#13;
have corrected a few words in my poem&#13;
- I shall give it corrected in the next Mag.&#13;
&#13;
Now, my dear Son, I hope your next letter&#13;
will show you to be very happy, looking&#13;
on the bright side of the world, and cherishing&#13;
that enthusiasm which makes the&#13;
pleasures of life. What signifies it that we&#13;
cannot obtain all for which we strive?&#13;
The exertion that aims at eminence&#13;
in virtue and usefulness is of itself,&#13;
felicity. And every day that we pass&#13;
happily is an item in our list of &#13;
blessings. Never think of waiting to be&#13;
happy till you have reached this or&#13;
[ED: page torn] station or age, or [DE: ?] privilige [privililege], that&#13;
[?]ful and contented and useful now -&#13;
- Your studies are your business - if you&#13;
perform your task well, you are entitled&#13;
to enjoy yourself; and you may look forward&#13;
with confidence that life has&#13;
blessings in store for you. None need&#13;
be wretched. Some are unfortunate, to&#13;
be sure - but there are no troubles, but&#13;
those of our own making, which need be&#13;
considered [?]. Be good - and strive&#13;
to be useful - I will ask no more to secure my&#13;
confidence and affection for you - as your&#13;
Father in Heaven requires no more&#13;
Affectionately yours&#13;
Sarah J. Hale&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West-Point&#13;
N. York.&#13;
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              <text>Boston Nov. 5th, 1830&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son - I have rec'd two letters from&#13;
you - and tho' no so long as I would&#13;
wish, they are tolerable. I have been&#13;
disappointed in my contemplated &#13;
visit to Keene - but I shall start tomorrow -&#13;
and hope, at eventide, to kiss the dear little&#13;
girls. Willey goes with me, and I have&#13;
about concluded to leave him there&#13;
during the winter. He wants to live&#13;
with his sisters so very much - and&#13;
Miss [Fiske?] will take him into her family.&#13;
Horatio has been in Boston about a&#13;
fortnight. I am intending to keep him&#13;
with me, if I leave Willey, all winter.&#13;
He is now at work in the printing&#13;
offices of [?] a [?]. O, he is very&#13;
happy to be with me - you know&#13;
he has had to be away almost the&#13;
&#13;
whole time since your father's death.&#13;
He is a fine boy - and I shall be very&#13;
glad if I can manage to keep him for&#13;
a year or two now, while his mind and&#13;
morals are forming, and his habits of&#13;
thought are taking the tendency which&#13;
must affect his happiness for life.&#13;
Next summer you will be here&#13;
two months, and we will all go to&#13;
Keene, and meet M. &amp; S once more - if God&#13;
permits; - and I shall see all my children&#13;
together. I have published a little volume&#13;
of poems for children and am daily&#13;
engaged in the wearisome task of&#13;
writing, writing - and you think it &#13;
is a task, - don't you? - What will you&#13;
write in your book? O, I cannot now&#13;
stop to conjecture or advise -&#13;
Good night, and God bless you&#13;
my dear Son - Willey and Horatio&#13;
send love - S.J. Hale&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David [E.?] Hale&#13;
West Point&#13;
N. York&#13;
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              <text>Boston Dc 6, 1830&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son,&#13;
I hav[ED: page creased] [have?] been since my return&#13;
from Keene quite engaged and have&#13;
neglected much longer than I intended my&#13;
letter to you. But I send you papers [?]&#13;
so I hope you do not think I forget you.&#13;
Your sisters are well and improve finely.&#13;
I think you will be much gratified with&#13;
their appearance and manners when&#13;
you meet. I am looking forward to&#13;
the time with anticipations of much&#13;
pleasure - but many months must&#13;
intervene and how many circumstances&#13;
may arise to damp all my hopes?&#13;
Yet I am not of a melancholy mood -&#13;
nor have I now any cause for desponding,&#13;
tho', I am very lonely, at times, as&#13;
you will understand when I tell you&#13;
I left William at Keene to spend three&#13;
months with his sisters. He wanted to [stay?]&#13;
and they wanted him - and so I left&#13;
him - but I do almost repent it.&#13;
&#13;
I should not have left him however, if I had&#13;
been obliged to stay quite alone. but&#13;
Horatio is with me; he will spend the winter&#13;
here - he hopes longer - he works in the printing&#13;
office of [Patricia?] [Newt?] - earns about three&#13;
dollars per week, - and has two hours [DE: ?] each day&#13;
for study, and two afternoons in a week.&#13;
he attends the dancing school. He can&#13;
pay all his expenses by his own industry,&#13;
and still have some time for improvement&#13;
- and he is delighted to live with&#13;
me. He is an excellent scholar, and will,&#13;
I hope have the means of obtaining an&#13;
education - but he must struggle hard,&#13;
as all who wrestle with fortune are&#13;
compelled to do; the reward attending&#13;
excellence in any department of science&#13;
or literature, cannot be obtained without&#13;
earnest exertion - and I do not repine&#13;
that my children have to depend on&#13;
themselves, but I shall feel humbled&#13;
if they do not manfully strive for&#13;
the prize. It is not for the poor triumph&#13;
of excelling others I wish the&#13;
&#13;
success of my children, but that they&#13;
[DE: will] may be qualified to assist others, and act&#13;
their part in the drama of life with that&#13;
noble elevation of sentiment and character&#13;
which shall be worthy the high title of republican&#13;
Americans. You have no doubt&#13;
read with avidity the stirring news from&#13;
France - and perhaps almost envied the &#13;
heroes of the Polytechnic the brilliant&#13;
opportunity they have had of distinguishing&#13;
themselves - but you should reflect &#13;
that to American example France is indebted&#13;
for her liberal opinions, and&#13;
that the greatest glory of freedom [ED: page torn]&#13;
now rests undimmed on our own Ca[ED: page torn]&#13;
- and remember too - that to preserve liberty&#13;
is more glorious than to reconquer it - the&#13;
former is a pedigree sustained - the latter&#13;
whispers of the chain that has been [?] -&#13;
the marks can never be entirely effaced.&#13;
Well, I have run over my paper,&#13;
and said hardly a word I intended -&#13;
How is your health? and how prospers&#13;
your drawing? I know you will succed [succeed]&#13;
in that. The half-yearly examination&#13;
draws nigh - I shall think often and&#13;
anxiously of you - thill I hear how the&#13;
ordeal passes. Horatio sends love&#13;
Your Mother&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David [E.?] Hale&#13;
West-Point&#13;
New York.&#13;
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              <text>West Point, Jan. 13th&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother -&#13;
&#13;
"The long agony is over.'&#13;
I am 'redeemed, regenerated, &amp; disenthralled!&#13;
I have passed an examination in both&#13;
Chemistry &amp; Philosophy without&#13;
missing a single question. The world,&#13;
that is, the world of West Point&#13;
looks kindly on me - Col. Thayer, Tom&#13;
[?], Hopkins, Casey Profs in Phil, &amp; Chem.&#13;
all seem desirous or at least willing&#13;
that I should succeed, &amp; I trust that&#13;
I have succeeded. I have a most beautiful&#13;
course of studies from this time till&#13;
next June. Electricity, Astronomy,&#13;
Galvanism, Magnetism &amp; Chemistry. -&#13;
"Excuse me fair it was nervous'&#13;
I have been so busy, so very busy&#13;
in my studies, reviewing &amp; re-reviewing&#13;
that I could not find time to write&#13;
to you or to any one but my&#13;
&#13;
[ED: the following text appears along the left side of the page.&#13;
&#13;
Pray excuse this scrawl I've just come from &#13;
the examination &amp; feel [DE: ?] nervous with success. 'Now are our&#13;
brows [etc.]&#13;
&#13;
sisters, from whom I received a letter&#13;
last week complaining that I had&#13;
not written to them for five months.&#13;
Josepha said she was sure that I had&#13;
forgotten her &amp; Martha Ann, that she&#13;
was entirely out of patience. I sat&#13;
down immediately &amp; wrote each&#13;
of them a long letter - went to &#13;
recitation next day missed on Specific&#13;
Gravities &amp; [DE: ?] was marked down more than&#13;
I had been before for the whole year&#13;
My whole soul, heart, &amp; sense has been&#13;
wrapped up in Mechanics, Laws of Motion&#13;
Universal Attraction, Optics, Newton&#13;
[Kepler?] [etc.] By the way we Cadets&#13;
had a letter from Lafayette to-day&#13;
just as we were going to the&#13;
examination hall. When actually&#13;
worn out by study I have taken up&#13;
'Studies in Poetry' which you gave me&#13;
and I find that it refreshes my mind&#13;
more than any other light reading.&#13;
A novel [DE: ?] in fact unfits me for&#13;
&#13;
study. I wish you could contrive some&#13;
means to send me Willis's last Poems.&#13;
I should like a [hardstone?] seal (for letters)&#13;
also as I have lost mine. I am ashamed&#13;
to ask you for such things when I&#13;
send you nothing in return.&#13;
I have been unable to obtain&#13;
any money as the Secretary of War&#13;
has issued an order that no cadet&#13;
shall draw any, till he graduates&#13;
[ED: page torn] is unfortunate for I otherwise [ED: page torn]&#13;
draw in the next two months thirty&#13;
dollars or more.&#13;
I hope you have not suffered&#13;
any by so many fires. I never saw&#13;
such a chapter of accidents as your&#13;
last letter in my life. -&#13;
I always thought my Uncle Enoch&#13;
a fine man - of talents though unfortunate&#13;
in the use of them &amp; far above soft&#13;
Ly[?] or his sisters.&#13;
'Life is a dream' it is true but&#13;
&#13;
we are so [constituted?] as to believe it a&#13;
reality. I should not like to live always&#13;
in the fear of death nor do I believe&#13;
that God intended we should do so.&#13;
'Tis not so very terrible to die and &#13;
the longer I live the more I [say?]&#13;
&#13;
Mr. D.E. Hale&#13;
at West Point&#13;
&#13;
[ED: postmark]&#13;
WEST POINT&#13;
Jan&#13;
14&#13;
&#13;
Mrs. Sarah J. Hale&#13;
Boston,&#13;
Mass.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
to stifle and [control?] [ED: page damaged][?] passions&#13;
and feelings in order to fear it the&#13;
less.&#13;
&#13;
Your affectionate Son&#13;
D.E. Hale &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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              <text>West Point March 14th&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother - Your letter came with its&#13;
usual black seal, that Seal whose colour is a token&#13;
of grief to many, but of joy to me, as I know&#13;
from whom it comes.&#13;
You tell me not to think that Col. Thayer&#13;
has done me any injustice. If entertaining such an&#13;
idea, I applied myself less to my studies, I should&#13;
indeed be wrong. But on the contrary I study&#13;
more and harder. "Why should he," you ask - I will answer.&#13;
In the first place, [I want?] 'a war' you were right in&#13;
saying that he is impartial as it respects individuals,&#13;
but I think he makes a distinction between&#13;
those who enter to get a commission in the army&#13;
and those who merely wish to obtain an education.&#13;
The first can easily be distinguished by their&#13;
attention to the minutia of the soldier, by their&#13;
anxiety to keep free of reports [etc.] their great object&#13;
is to graduate in the Artillery as the Artillery&#13;
officers have good posts on the sea-coast and in&#13;
cities, while the Infantry are stationed in the&#13;
West far from all society. The first two in the&#13;
class graduate in the Engrg. Corps the rest, to the fifteenth&#13;
or thereabouts, in the Artillery, and the remainder of&#13;
the class in the Infantry. Suppose that one who&#13;
was intended for the army and who stood&#13;
fifteenth do you think that Thayer would hesitate&#13;
&#13;
to give him the preferences to one who &#13;
immediately above him had no desire for a&#13;
commission and to whom therefore to graduate&#13;
in the Artillery would be no object. He would&#13;
not. The same would apply to all.&#13;
But, you say that doing as well as others&#13;
I must stand equally high in his estimation.&#13;
This is the logic of affection, yet be assured that&#13;
whatever I may think respecting this, I shall not&#13;
cease as long as I am a son and have the&#13;
feelings of one cease and relax in my endeavours&#13;
to obtain [DE: so] a standing and education which&#13;
shall be satisfactory to you and creditable to&#13;
myself.&#13;
&#13;
Your Affectionate Son&#13;
D.E. Hale&#13;
&#13;
P.S. I shall endeavour to write to my brother&#13;
and sisters as soon as possible.&#13;
'Pour mes amusements', I read Rousseau, Voltaire,&#13;
and am now drawing Titian's mistress.&#13;
I have read Cooper's last novel and though&#13;
I like it, think as you do that it is rather&#13;
flat.&#13;
D.E. Hale&#13;
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              <text>Annapolis March 17th&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother, &#13;
&#13;
You complain and justly too that&#13;
I do not write often. The fact is that I do not like&#13;
to write - I am ashamed that I have been unable to&#13;
keep my promise to send you on my birth day $100, and have&#13;
delayed writing till the end of March when I am sure&#13;
to be able to send you at least $50.&#13;
Besides your hopeful son has been&#13;
for the last three months engaged in a continual round&#13;
of fashionable dissipation. Balls, parties, Routes, [etc.] besides&#13;
being in love two or three times and, 'don't mention it'&#13;
near being jilted, that is if he had been fool enough&#13;
to have proposed.&#13;
The young ladies here are less learned&#13;
&amp; literary than those at the North but more beautiful&#13;
and attractive. I have seen assembled here in one&#13;
room at a gentlema's [gentleman's] house more beautiful girls than&#13;
you can find in the whole city of Boston!&#13;
They dont talk so much of books, news [etc.]&#13;
but more of love, engagements, weddings courtship [etc.]&#13;
they are not afraid to act either, and can set a &#13;
man's heart on fire quicker than the cold, stiff&#13;
reserved ladies of New England&#13;
&#13;
You ask me how I spent my [twentieth?] birth day&#13;
not so pleasantly as you and my brother did with your friends&#13;
certainly, I was riding in a class carriage on a cold day&#13;
from Baltimore to Annapolis. I have been to Baltimore&#13;
to sit on a Court Martial for a week and was returning&#13;
in haste to be present at the Governors Route and a&#13;
wedding party both of which were to take place on&#13;
the same day. My necessary expenses had overrun my&#13;
allowance about $30 and I had like a fool with some&#13;
brother officers spent more in amusements [etc.] - I was&#13;
thinking if "ways &amp; means' and of you, of my promise and cursing&#13;
my folly in spending what would have assisted my brother&#13;
much in defraying college expenses.&#13;
However I arrived&#13;
at Annapolis, put in my uniform, when to the Route and&#13;
party danced, looked gay, flirted with my old mistress, a   &#13;
beautiful girl in presence of her future husband, was&#13;
sought after by the ladies as all young officers [DE: ?] are here,&#13;
selected one to compensate me for my loss, drank more&#13;
wine than I out to keep my spirits up, went home to &#13;
bed, 'but I bitterly thought of the morrow' of debts unpaid&#13;
[etc.] Pray Mother don't lecture me for as old Stapleton&#13;
says "Human nature is human nature".&#13;
But the gay season is &#13;
now over, the Legislature is about to adjourn, the members&#13;
are departing and carrying with them those whom business&#13;
or pleasure brought to this City. One more cottillion [cotillion] party,&#13;
one more wedding party which by the way, is for a brother&#13;
officer &amp; friend and the gaiety [DE: ?] ceases for the present and&#13;
I shall settle down quietly to economise my time &amp; money&#13;
&#13;
write to you once a week and be a good boy. -&#13;
I do not intend to go home till I am at least&#13;
twenty one, paid my debts got $500 in my pocket and&#13;
be at least five higher on the [Army?] list. Then you&#13;
may expect me. Promotion is rapid in our regiment; I&#13;
have gained one step since I wrote you last. But there&#13;
is a better thing [offers?] for me - It is this, and I don't wish&#13;
you to mention even to Lt. F.A. Smith. A Topographical Corps&#13;
is to be formed. It would have been formed at the last of [Congress?] session&#13;
had it lasted longer as the bill had alread passed the Senate&#13;
reading. Well, next year I shall get a furlough, [DE: ?] go to&#13;
Washington and as everything in these times and under this&#13;
blessed government goes by favor and influence of powerful&#13;
friends, I shall get Woodbury or some one of the great&#13;
men to forward my application &amp; If I get in [then] I &#13;
shall have the pay of a first Lieut. and have [ED: page damaged]&#13;
opportunities of being employed at the same time on&#13;
[?] good business as a Civil Engr than I could in any&#13;
other situation. In [?] I shall have enough&#13;
to do and in several ways in the West &amp; elsewhere have&#13;
a chance to make a fortune.&#13;
I have now written &#13;
you a long letter, - I shall write soon to&#13;
Frances Ann - Give my love to my brothers -&#13;
sisters and believe me truly&#13;
Your affectionate Son&#13;
D.E. Hale&#13;
Lieut. U.S.A.&#13;
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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                  <text>This collection of letters contains the correspondence of Sarah Josepha Buell Hale. It contains letters relating to both her professional and personal life and spans a 43 year period. It also contains a small number of letters between her close relatives.</text>
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              <text>Fort Brooke Tampa Bay&#13;
April 10th&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother&#13;
&#13;
Did you ever expect to&#13;
receive a letter from this out of the way&#13;
place? If you look on the map, you will&#13;
find that I am in the south-west part&#13;
of Florida, cut off from all civilized folks. (the&#13;
only communication being at rare intervals with&#13;
N. Orleans). I wrote to you at Fort Doane (a hundred&#13;
miles north-east from this place about the centre)&#13;
of Florida.) Since [DE: that] then we crossed the Withlacolher [Withlacoochee] and marched to this place and a very [?] march&#13;
it proved. The rear-guard (in which I was) were fired&#13;
upon by the Indians at night after the main body&#13;
had crossed. The balls passed within a few feet of me&#13;
and whistled over our heads. (the first music of the kind I ever heard) We rushed back from&#13;
the river to a breast work of logs, returned the fire&#13;
&amp; discharged a six pounder loaded with grape in the&#13;
direction of the flash of their rifles which silenced&#13;
them. After waiting their attack for half an hour&#13;
our small body of about one hundred proceeded to cross, was again&#13;
&#13;
[ED: following text appears running along left side of page]&#13;
&#13;
The Other two forces before we met here have been attacked - had about 20 killed - wounded. The Indians&#13;
lost two [DE: chifes] chiefs and about 20 [common?] men. [?] dragoons were dismounted as they could not cross on horseback&#13;
&#13;
[ED: sketch of locations of Indians, troops, swamps, etc.]&#13;
&#13;
fired upon but as our commdg officer did not think it&#13;
necessary or possible to pursue the enemy in the dark, we finally&#13;
went over &amp; joined the main-body. We could not see&#13;
them, but from the first volley, it was supposed that&#13;
about 50 fired on us. None of our party were injured&#13;
In fact, firing at night is almost useless, as a&#13;
man cannot see the end of his musket to take aim.&#13;
We then pursued an Indian trail for [DE: ?] a day, (discovered by&#13;
the friendly Indians, twenty of whole we had with us. We&#13;
[came?] up with the enemy about sunset, at the edge of a large&#13;
prairie, after wading through ponds, swamps, [etc.] A few of the&#13;
foremost Indians advanced from the woods at the opposite side and&#13;
threw down their rifles &amp; opened their arms (inviting a conference)&#13;
our interpreter rode forward with a white flag and was told&#13;
they would hold one with us the next morning, the Indian&#13;
custom being never to hold a "talk" in the afternoon.&#13;
Gen. Scott did not put much faith in them, but concluded&#13;
to camp within a mile of them that night. The next [DE: ?]&#13;
[morning] at sunrise we moved in two columns on the right&#13;
and left, skirting the prairie. The right column being nearest&#13;
them, was expected to receive the white flag from the Indians.&#13;
Instead of that, we of the left column, heard first the yell of&#13;
[?] savages three times repeated (as is their custom on commencing&#13;
[?] fight) then the crack of a rifle, then a whole volley,&#13;
[DE: ?] in a minute after the rolling discharge of the &#13;
[musketry?] commenced echoing through the arches of the &#13;
[brest?,] the charge of the [900?] regulars and volunteers, the hurrahs of&#13;
&#13;
the men; again the Indian yell &amp; volley of rifles&#13;
whose sound is very different from that of a musket.&#13;
It was grand, sublime. We could see men advancing&#13;
through the smoke, the Indians [DE: ?] running back from&#13;
tree to tree, they rallied but once, then broke, keeping&#13;
up the firing between. In the mean time we advancing&#13;
in columns on the left of a [?] were saluted in the same&#13;
way, the balls whistled, we formed line, charged, fired two&#13;
volleys and found ourselves up to the middle of a bog of [sand?]&#13;
an water, the thick brush before us prevented our seeing&#13;
but a few Indians. The six pounder fired four [DE: and?]&#13;
rounds of grape which drove the Indians out of the [DE: hummock?]&#13;
hummock (as a thick grove of trees is called here) we moved&#13;
forward through the [DE: the] most horrid cypress [swamp]&#13;
I ever saw. On getting through, the Indians had fled&#13;
and joined the body which was attacked by the right&#13;
column as we could see by their 'trail.' That column was&#13;
then a mile ahead of us, chasing the Indians at the full&#13;
run. They met again, fought, and drove the Indians&#13;
across the river. They swam it We were then recalled and the pursuit&#13;
was abandoned as useless, by the General. The skirmish lasted&#13;
from seven till [DE: ?] two o'clock, We [DE: lost] had four killed&#13;
&amp; eleven wounded. The Indian loss was not known as&#13;
it is their practice to drag off their killed &amp; wounded. We found&#13;
the [DE: on] one dead body &amp; pools of blood among the grass &amp;&#13;
palmettos. It was a new and painful sight to me to see&#13;
&#13;
men shot through the head rolling - gasping in the agonies&#13;
of death. The first poor fellow we passed was a dragoon shot&#13;
through the body, half stripped by the surgeon who was examining&#13;
the wound (he died the next day). [DE: ?] I did not see the men in [our?]&#13;
collumn [column] which were [DE: ?] shot as they were carried to the rear [DE: ?] We&#13;
then put the killed &amp; wounded in biers made of canvas on&#13;
mens shoulders back to camp. We have seen no Indians&#13;
since. The other two armies under Gen. Eustis &amp; Col. Lindsay&#13;
are making about 4000 or 5000 men.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[ED: postmark]&#13;
&#13;
NEW ORLEANS&#13;
APR&#13;
24&#13;
La.&#13;
&#13;
Mrs. S.J. Hale&#13;
Boston&#13;
Mass.&#13;
&#13;
We march in a few days for the [Withlacoochee] to fight the Indians&#13;
said to be assembled there. If we get their women &amp; children we&#13;
shall end the war in a month but the general belief is that&#13;
the volunteers will return home &amp; we (the regulars) will stay&#13;
all summer &amp; resume the war next fall. You must not&#13;
then expect to see me till next Spring. A hard case!&#13;
Give my love to my brothers &amp; sisters. I am well &amp; hearty&#13;
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              <text>Fort Doane April 26th&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother - &#13;
&#13;
We reached this place last night&#13;
having marched from Fort King in the morning, a&#13;
distance of 22 miles with about 800 men under&#13;
the command of Gen. Clinch. The Campaign is&#13;
finished for this spring and we shall not commence&#13;
operations till next November owing to the difficulty&#13;
of acting during the sickly and rainy season which&#13;
commences about the 1[st] or 10[th] of May. We have done nothing&#13;
or worse than nothing for I think that our want of&#13;
success must embolden the Indians to continue the war&#13;
and to attack the settlements here during the summer.&#13;
I wrote to you from Fort Brooke, Tampa Bay, by the way&#13;
of New Orleans: As this letter may reach you first I&#13;
will give you a short account of what we have done since&#13;
we left this place a month since. We marched with a force&#13;
of horse, foot, &amp; two six pounders of about 2000 [men?]. We&#13;
had 1800 [bayonets?] as the Adjutant informed me. Gen. [?] - Gen. Clinch&#13;
were both with us. We crossed the Withlacochee after marching&#13;
about 30 miles. Our rear guard was fired on at 10 o'clock at night&#13;
by about 50 Indians. We struck their trail next day, left our&#13;
baggage train under a guard of 300 men &amp; made a forced march&#13;
through swamps &amp; thickets (called [hummocks?]) till we came up with the&#13;
Indians at sunset. They were seen on the other side of an open&#13;
&#13;
prairie. We camped that night within a mile of them and&#13;
marched against them next morning. The fired first a volley&#13;
of about 100 or 150 rifles. We pursued them till they swam the&#13;
river late in the afternoon. We lost 4 killed -11 wounded.&#13;
Much blood was found &amp; two dead Indians, we must have&#13;
killed a number, but as their invariable practice is to carry off&#13;
their dead at any risk we could not tell how many they&#13;
lost. we then marched 20 miles on the sand to Tampa Bay &amp;&#13;
left a force of 300 volunteers under Maj. Cooper with orders to&#13;
build a stockage and fight the Indians. He had 15 days&#13;
provisions. We reached Tampa after [8?] day's; march [?] which is 120 miles&#13;
from Fort Doane. We found Cool. Lindsay there with 900 men&#13;
who had been operating within about 40 miles around Tampa.&#13;
He had 4 killed &amp; 16 wounded - had killed 20 Indians &amp; a chief.&#13;
Gen. Eustis was also there with 700 horse - [900?] foot - he had&#13;
march from [St. Augustine?] through the Country without [DE: ?]&#13;
meeting but a small part of [30?] Indians - had lost about the same&#13;
number as we had (i.e. 4.k &amp; 7.w.) and had done nothing but burn&#13;
a village &amp; take some cattle &amp; kill a chief and a few Indians. The whole army of more than&#13;
4000 [?] at Tampa was re-organganised &amp; sent off on the 14 April.&#13;
Six hundred La. Volunteers south to Charlott's [Charlotte's] harbour, did nothing&#13;
[DE: ?] as [their?] Time was out went back to N. [Carolina?]. - Gen. Eustis will&#13;
[DE: ?] went south with Gen. [?] [DE: ?] [?] returned without&#13;
meeting the enemy to St. Augustine &amp; Col. Lindsay went&#13;
on the road to Fort King reached the W. river &amp; was met there&#13;
by [6th?] Army under Gen. Clinch six days since which had returned back on the road&#13;
&#13;
we came &amp; had relieved Maj. Cooper, who had been [stunned?] and &#13;
fought to his heart's content. He ha [had] 14 days fighting with about&#13;
200 Indians he had sallied out twice killed 6 for certain &amp;&#13;
I have no doubt the the six pounder commanded by Lt Brooks&#13;
(a Boston boy) did great execution. After leaving Col. Lindsay&#13;
at the Withch. we went the same road passed over by Maj. Dade&#13;
&amp; afterwards by Gen. [Gerines?] who buried those [DE: ?] who were massacred.&#13;
We saw their graves, the dead horses &amp; [exam.?] the broken&#13;
carriage of the six pounder - but the gun itself which&#13;
was put at the head of the Officers' grave, had bee [been?] [carried] off&#13;
by the Indians. We picked up many caps shot through,&#13;
bullets, catridge [cartridge] boxes [etc?] relics of the bloody action. I saw&#13;
the [DE: spot] places where the different officers were found as they fell [ED: page torn]&#13;
was at the head of the column, was shot through the breast -&#13;
and was found alive &amp; sitting against a tree at the end of&#13;
the first action by a sergeant who spoke to him. I have&#13;
been informed of many interesting particulars of the fight which&#13;
I have not room to mention. All the Officers &amp; most of the men were&#13;
scalped &amp; three men alone escaped whom I have seen.&#13;
When we arrived here we learnt that Gen. Clinch's plantation,&#13;
(or Fort Doane) had been attacked by the Indians - cattle &amp; horses&#13;
&amp; negroes carried off last night - McIntosh's plantation six&#13;
miles from here was burned &amp; [?] bales of cotton $5000 dollars&#13;
worth of property. And this in the face of [?]00 men whom&#13;
&#13;
They knew we were within a day's march. It shows their&#13;
boldness &amp; discourages me completly [completely]; for I know that&#13;
it will cause a large force to be stationed in the [Interior?]&#13;
where it is sickly during the summer. Our regiment will&#13;
be stationed on the Sea. Coast at St. Augustine - Smyrna (healthy&#13;
stations).&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Mr. D.E. Hale&#13;
in Florida&#13;
&#13;
[ED: postmark]&#13;
&#13;
CITY OF WASHINGTON&#13;
MAY&#13;
10&#13;
&#13;
Mrs. S.J. Hale&#13;
Boston&#13;
Mass.&#13;
&#13;
[Politeness?] of&#13;
Lt. Blair&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
I intend to serve my time in Florida till next Spring unless&#13;
I am put at a sickly post for I consider it my duty - &amp;&#13;
could not get away if I wanted. No furloughs are to be granted.&#13;
Resignation are pouring in. Things may alter. I will write soon&#13;
The volunteers will be discharged in a short time, the regulars left&#13;
in Florida.&#13;
I will send $50 at the first safe opportunity if you wish it&#13;
D E Hale&#13;
&#13;
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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                  <text>This collection of letters contains the correspondence of Sarah Josepha Buell Hale. It contains letters relating to both her professional and personal life and spans a 43 year period. It also contains a small number of letters between her close relatives.</text>
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              <text>Fort Dade June 18&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother - I have just received your letter&#13;
of the 22 May. It is with deep despondency that&#13;
I take up my pen to answer it. I have applied&#13;
to [DE: Gen.] Gen. Jesup for a leave of Absence for four&#13;
months, fully expecting to obtain it, but he has refused&#13;
saying that the number of Officers in Florida is so&#13;
reduced that the interest of the service requires that he&#13;
should let none go unless in extreme cases, such&#13;
[as?] sickness [etc.]. Now, I think it rank injustice.&#13;
Furloughs are granted according to length of service &amp;&#13;
I have done as much duty as almost any officer&#13;
in the regiment, and more than the majority of&#13;
them. Furloughs have been given to several who have&#13;
less claims. I wish I had never entered the army.&#13;
If I had not been a young &amp; lasy [lazy] fool I never&#13;
should have [done?]. There have been instances of&#13;
the grossest partiality, 1st Lt.[?] of my Regt. has&#13;
been ordered twice to Florida, &amp; has never been here.&#13;
There are six or seven out of 18 first -Lieut. who have&#13;
never been here in our Regiment.&#13;
&#13;
I wish I could get sick, but I am of such an&#13;
intractable constitution that although I have taken&#13;
no care of myself I can't get sick if I would.&#13;
All this is very boyish, but I feel so provoked at the prospect&#13;
before me that I can't help it. You can't conceive, no&#13;
citizen who has lived peacably [peaceably] among his friends and&#13;
fellow citizens, can imagine what a disgusting thing&#13;
war is, even on so small a scale as the present. It&#13;
induces in all, a perfect disregard for the rights &amp; even&#13;
lives of others even our friends. A Genl. or Superior Officer,&#13;
cares no more for the lives of his men than so much&#13;
chaff. It induces a recklessness concerning ourselves&#13;
&amp; our own interests, which is worse yet. Penned up in in&#13;
small hot-pickets in the [summer?] &amp; wading through&#13;
swamps in the winter in pursuit of a gang of [bandits?],&#13;
robbers, murderers &amp; runaway negroes - I will think of it&#13;
no longer. One thing I promise myself, that if I ever&#13;
get out of Fl. I will set myself seriously to get my&#13;
bread by the sweat of my brow - The Cheifs [Chiefs] &amp; Indians&#13;
left Tampa on the night of the 3d inst. all except Abraham.&#13;
Some say the cheifs [chiefs] were forced off by the hostile&#13;
Mickasukies, but I beleive [believe] it was all [?] by them&#13;
&#13;
[to?] leave. They have violated their treaty &amp; they ought&#13;
to be [?], and slain, without mercy. I expect to&#13;
go to Micanopy in a few days, to remain their [there]&#13;
this summer. It is a pleasent [pleasant] healthy station. please&#13;
direct your next to that place. I am here with&#13;
the 6[th?] Regt. Infantry as Ordnance Officer. Nothing to do&#13;
but to issue Ammunition. I lay on my back all&#13;
day &amp; ready my only book, Shakespeare; when I get&#13;
through, I begin again &amp; read it through. I suppose&#13;
when I get home I shall be so much improved&#13;
as to be taken for a Seminole just caught&#13;
I hope you have not engaged any young lady for [ED: page damaged]&#13;
for we soldiers hold promises of that sort in great&#13;
contempt till we are past [noosed?] - I have got&#13;
some cash which I kept for my intended journey&#13;
but I will send it to you, as I shall not [DE: yet]&#13;
want it. Give my love to Horatio -&#13;
Your affectionate Son&#13;
D.E. Hale&#13;
&#13;
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              <text>Beaufort N.C. July 2[?]th&#13;
&#13;
My dear Brother&#13;
&#13;
You cannot conceive what pain&#13;
your letter gave me. Why did you not write&#13;
before if you needed the money? Why&#13;
did not you tell me that you needed &#13;
it so much? If I had known it; depend&#13;
upon it, I would have saved every cent of&#13;
my pay to send to you. As it is - I shall&#13;
pursue a strict course of economy for the&#13;
future &amp; send all I can spare.&#13;
I send you fifty dollars - which is all&#13;
I have with me except about $[3?]. I have a&#13;
monthly pay due &amp; I [DE: shall] will write to the pay&#13;
-master in Norfolk for it so that I can&#13;
&#13;
send you fifty more in about eight&#13;
days.&#13;
&#13;
Your affectionate Brother&#13;
D.E. Hale&#13;
&#13;
P.S. I have thought best to send $20&#13;
in this letter &amp; $30 in a letter to&#13;
my mother for you - Excuse [haste?]&#13;
DEH&#13;
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              <text>Keene July, 27[th?]&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother -&#13;
I am well and happy at&#13;
Keene for I have every thing to make &#13;
me so - friends, relations, and above all&#13;
my dear sisters. You cannot conceive how&#13;
very, very, different every body with&#13;
whom I was formerly acquainted appears&#13;
to me. To begin with my uncle, I think&#13;
he has changed for the worse, his health&#13;
is not very good, his spirits seem low&#13;
and he has most terribly rusticated, but&#13;
if I recalled right he always was so,&#13;
though it never struck me so forcibly&#13;
as at present. My aunt, she has changed&#13;
very little in personal appearance but&#13;
how much are her manners altered&#13;
towards me - You would hardly think&#13;
it possible or rather I cannot, that&#13;
we are the same persons we once&#13;
&#13;
were, that she can be 'aunt Sarah'&#13;
and I that David E. Hale who thought&#13;
her so unfeeling so haughty. We are&#13;
friends intimate friends I may say,&#13;
at least she tells me every thought,&#13;
shows me [Corrinna?] Prentiss' letters,&#13;
consults me about every thing and&#13;
every lady visits with are all the &#13;
best families in Keene and in [DE: ?]&#13;
fine is a most engaging, kind and&#13;
affectionate woman, lady I should&#13;
have said for she is the most ladylike&#13;
and accomplished of the ladies at Keene.&#13;
Elizabeth Wilson, how shall I describe&#13;
her, she insists that I am an old&#13;
friend of hers, that she always depended&#13;
upon me alone at school&#13;
to wait on her home carry her&#13;
books et cetera. Only think of walk&#13;
to the [Matrimomnial?] Tree with a &#13;
beautiful young lady at sunset.&#13;
I went to a dance at Miss Fiske's&#13;
School last evening, you can judge&#13;
therefore how intimate I am with&#13;
&#13;
the young ladies there. I saw Mr. &amp; Mrs.&#13;
Edes last week - love to you - [Samuel?] [DE:?]&#13;
sick -Mr. [?] says you must come to&#13;
Newport when the estate is sold - 19th&#13;
of Oct. I think when the license will&#13;
be obtained. I can't tell you of half&#13;
the entertaining people with whom&#13;
I have made acquaintence [acquaintance] or rather&#13;
renewed for it seems they knew&#13;
me when a boy?&#13;
Your affectionate Son&#13;
D.E. Hale&#13;
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              <text>Beaufort August 1st&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother&#13;
&#13;
The day after I received&#13;
Horatio's letter &amp; sent him $50 in return&#13;
I received orders to proceed immediately to&#13;
Charlestown S.C. I have made my arrangements&#13;
to start to-morrow. I am now in&#13;
want of money and have been obliged to&#13;
borrow from Lt. [Gowin?] so that I cannot&#13;
send $50 to Horatio as I promised.&#13;
I understand also that Charleston is&#13;
a very expensive place &amp; I shall only&#13;
receive there my base pay = $64 per&#13;
month. [DE: ?] I cannot express to you how&#13;
sorry I feel for this contre-temps, for&#13;
&#13;
I might in this cheap place have saved&#13;
$.50 in two months, which I cannot do in&#13;
Charleston. Give my love to Horatio -&#13;
tell him this which cannot be a greater&#13;
disappointment to him than it is to me.&#13;
Your affectionate Son&#13;
D.E Hale&#13;
&#13;
I am in a very great hurry now - packing&#13;
up [etc.] - but I will write a long letter when&#13;
I get to Charleston&#13;
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              <text>West Point August 12th&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother - I left Boston in such a&#13;
hurry and so sleepy that I forgot to bring&#13;
away with me a good many things and &#13;
among the rest Huntoon's great coat. I&#13;
wish you would find some means to send&#13;
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Point one day later than I expected. The&#13;
steamboats Ohio, and De Witt Clinton, which&#13;
were to start on the day that I arrived at&#13;
N. York could not take me on board as they&#13;
were to run a race and should not stop&#13;
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to bear my expenses and was obliged to borrow&#13;
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I wish then that you would, if it will not&#13;
be inconvenient send me a dollar to pay old&#13;
debts.&#13;
I had a fine time at N. York city&#13;
&#13;
the night before I left. I went to Niblo's&#13;
Garden, a most splendid place. It was by&#13;
all means the most beautiful sigt [sight] I ever&#13;
saw, far surpassing the Theatre. The long walks&#13;
were arched over and lighted by innumerable&#13;
lamps which looked like globes of fire set&#13;
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these arches, and through which the green&#13;
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were transparencies covered with figures and &#13;
looked as I should imagine the stained glass&#13;
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lighted within besides a large transparency&#13;
representing Washington, Franklin, [etc.] over which&#13;
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In the centre was a globe of fire whirling&#13;
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Give my respects to Mrs. Bancroft and&#13;
tell her anything that will apologize for my&#13;
taking leave of her so abruptly. She must&#13;
think me half crazy in fact I was half asleep&#13;
Remember me to Miss Bancroft and the gentlemen.&#13;
My love to William. Your aff. Son, D.E. Hale&#13;
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              <text>Fort Moultrie Charleston Aug 17th&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother -&#13;
&#13;
Here I am safe &amp; sound in&#13;
spite of Bilous fever Yellow fever - every thing&#13;
else. I went through Georgetown S.C. and the&#13;
most sickly places in the South but thank&#13;
heaven I have got at last to the most healthy&#13;
the most delightful place in the U.S. which&#13;
Sullivan's Island certainly is. I have no money&#13;
and my books which were sent from Beafort [Beaufort]&#13;
on a steamboat after I left that plase [place] were&#13;
all burnt, yet I bear my misfortunes&#13;
with a good grace.&#13;
There are two things which I wish&#13;
you would do. If you have bought a watch&#13;
I wish you would send as it is indispensable&#13;
to a military man. 2nd if you have made any&#13;
shirts [etc.] send them also, but if you have not&#13;
I prefer buying them myself as I can get&#13;
them here &amp; do not wish to trouble you&#13;
There is most delightful society here &amp;&#13;
I only wish that you &amp; Mrs. Dupre &amp; family&#13;
were here to enjoy yourselves.&#13;
&#13;
I have not received a letter from you for a&#13;
long time. I wish you to write to me &amp; tell&#13;
me every thing.&#13;
If you wish to know what I&#13;
have been doing in Beaufort you must tell&#13;
me what you are occupied with in Boston&#13;
I shall see you at the end of two years when &#13;
I shall resign from the Army no matter what&#13;
becomes of me. I was a great fool to&#13;
enter the Army though I have learned more of&#13;
the world - seen more than I otherwise should&#13;
have done.&#13;
I send Horatio $20 not&#13;
knowing whether he [DE: ?] received the&#13;
$50 which I sen [sent] before I left Beaufort&#13;
Your Son&#13;
D E Hale&#13;
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              <text>Washington August 25&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother&#13;
&#13;
Here I am with my company&#13;
engaged in the mob war. We started from Fort&#13;
Severn about two weeks since at an hour's notice, being&#13;
ordered by Gen. Macomb to go to Fort McHenry in&#13;
consequence of the riots in Baltimore. We staid&#13;
there three or four days liable to called out at&#13;
any moment by the Mayor of B. There were two companies&#13;
at Fort McHenry besides ours and four companies were&#13;
expected from Old Point, but when the mayor announced&#13;
that the city was quiet, the President countermanded the&#13;
order to [DE: ?] embark. I arrived at Fort McHenry the night&#13;
after so many houses had been destroyed - the mob was&#13;
nearly quelled but a guard of two or three thousand men&#13;
composed of militia and [firemen?] patrolled the city at &#13;
night. The night we arrived an officer from Washington&#13;
[came?] with an order from Head Quarters for one of the&#13;
&#13;
companies at the Fort to go to Washington to quell a&#13;
mob there raised by the abolitionists - Off they started&#13;
at 11 o'clock at night and three days after when all&#13;
was quiet in Baltimore our company [?] them to&#13;
Washington. We marched about fourteen miles and went&#13;
in the Rail-road cars the remainder. We marched into&#13;
Wn. City on Sunday the 16th afternoon. the Company was sent to&#13;
the city Hall, and after dark 15 soldiers were put&#13;
under my command to defend the U.S. Jail in which [?]&#13;
Crandal [Crandall] and several others were confined. The mob had&#13;
threatened his life and would have torn down the jail&#13;
but for the presence of the troops. I had plenty of &#13;
ball cartridges and orders from Gen. Macomb to fire if attacked&#13;
by the mob. The next day we were quartered in&#13;
the house formerly occupied by the French Minister&#13;
Serrurier [Sérurier], built in the french style by Count [Dembuch?]&#13;
where we have been ever since. The company have&#13;
the large ball-room and I have a fine parlor with&#13;
chambers ad libitum. The lord knows when we shall &#13;
get back to Annapolis for the President swears we shall&#13;
stay as long as one of the rioters remains free.&#13;
&#13;
He gave this answer to a deputation from the&#13;
mecanicks of W. City requesting our removal as they&#13;
sagely 'resolved' that they could defend themselves,&#13;
and property a proof of their ability is shown in&#13;
the [view?] of a [house?] not two roads from where we&#13;
are quartered which was torn down before our&#13;
troops reached the City. I saw the ruins of &#13;
the splendid houses in Baltimore where the mob&#13;
ruled the city completely [for?] two days. [DE: ?] The marble&#13;
portico of [?] Johnson's house was lying in [ED: page torn]&#13;
in the street, the house stripped of its furniture [ED: page torn]&#13;
destroyed. Mr. Johnson came to Fort McHenry while [ED: page torn]&#13;
were there for probation. [DE: ?] I have been busy and&#13;
cannot tell you half the things I have seen, or [DE: ?]&#13;
what has happened during the last fortnight. I had&#13;
the honour of dining with [Chief?]: Gen. Macomb the other day&#13;
was introduced to his pretty daughter Lavina and&#13;
seen a great many of my friends, and those of my class&#13;
here. The better order of citizens were glad to see&#13;
us and have offered us every hospitality.&#13;
Excuse haste&#13;
Your affectionate Son D.E Hale&#13;
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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              <text>Sept.&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother&#13;
&#13;
I received your letter (in answer &#13;
to one of mine written from Beaufort) with great&#13;
pleasure. I am happy to find that I have been&#13;
of some assistance to you &amp; Horatio and believe&#13;
me when I say that I do not wish my repayment&#13;
for what I have sent or shall continue to send.&#13;
I expect to receive $200 clear of all&#13;
expenses at the end of December, if I should not&#13;
get so much still, however I will send you $100&#13;
- 1st of January. I did not know the true value&#13;
of money till I saw by your arrangement how much&#13;
$30 or $40 would assist in maintaining my sister[s?].&#13;
In this expensive country at the cheapest boarding&#13;
house I have to pay $30 a month which is less&#13;
than the citizens pay as I have a room in the [Fort?].&#13;
Besides this, I do not receive so much as I did&#13;
at Beaufort by $12 as I have no allowance in money for quarters&#13;
here. I have only my base pay $64 pr month&#13;
&amp; $2 or $3 for fuel. But enough of this, it makes&#13;
one sick to look at, or talk of, money now, when I&#13;
think how thoughtlessly I spent it in Beaufort&#13;
where I might have lived so cheaply.&#13;
&#13;
I wrote to you before I left Beaufort&#13;
and again when I arrived at Ft Moultrie, remitting $20&#13;
by my last letter. Have you received my letter?&#13;
I requested you to send my watch &amp; four shirts&#13;
if you could without inconvenience. However, on second&#13;
thought, I will get my linen made here but I&#13;
wish you would send the watch if you have an&#13;
opportunity by one of the packets which run from Boston&#13;
to Charleston.&#13;
I believe I told you that I lost&#13;
my books. I do not intend to purchase any more -&#13;
they are so troublesome to carry about with me.&#13;
I find Charleston very much like other&#13;
cities, some of the streets remind me of Boston, but&#13;
the appearance of the people, their manners &amp; mode of&#13;
living are very different from that of the good citizens&#13;
of B. I have become acquainted with a few of&#13;
the first families here, but the rancorous feeling of&#13;
the majority towards the officers has not entirely subsided.&#13;
Before the Nullification War when a large&#13;
number of Officer &amp; Troops were sent here to [overcome?]&#13;
&amp; subdue them if necessary. they were exceedingly polite&#13;
&amp; hospitable to all officers of the Army: used to send&#13;
their carriages for them &amp; almost compel the Officers&#13;
to accept their invitations. But all this kind feeling&#13;
vanished when they discovered that the Officers of the&#13;
U.S. Army might be called to fight not for but&#13;
against them.&#13;
They are now polite but cold except&#13;
a few who belong to the Union party or those whose&#13;
feelings are superior to [DE: ?] [resentment] towards an &#13;
&#13;
officer who only performs his duty in obeying his&#13;
superior by taking up arms either to quell a rebellion&#13;
or to resist those whose madness would dissolve the Union.&#13;
Now, vanity aside, I will tell you something about&#13;
myself which may gratify you. A young married lady&#13;
of my acquaintance told a brother officer that she thought&#13;
I had one of the sweetest dispositions in the world.&#13;
Either my temper must have changed very much&#13;
or I must have obtained more command over it in&#13;
appearance at least. I trust it is so, and I know&#13;
that I have improved in knowledge of the world, the&#13;
'savoir faire' which is indespensable [indispensable] to a gentleman.&#13;
Many of the customs of the South which at first&#13;
appear singular to a New Englander after he becomes&#13;
habituated to them, tend to improve him in manner and&#13;
mode of thinking. His mind becomes more enlarged [ED: page torn]&#13;
I shall not regret having been stationed [ED: page torn]&#13;
short time at the South although it has proved more&#13;
expensive than living at the North. I expect shortly&#13;
to be transferred to the North for one Company of&#13;
our Regiment has been already sent there and the whole&#13;
will I hope go there in the course of a year -&#13;
I have written you quite a long letter for me&#13;
and I expect a long one from you in return.&#13;
Give my respects to my friends in Boston&#13;
&amp; my love to my brothers &amp; sisters.&#13;
&#13;
Your affectionate Son&#13;
David E. Hale&#13;
&#13;
P.S. I would send something for Horatio, but I have been obliged to&#13;
buy some furniture &amp; have barely enough to pay my board.&#13;
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              <text>Annapolis Nov. 13th&#13;
&#13;
My dear Mother -&#13;
&#13;
I delayed writing to you as&#13;
I was uncertain whether I should remain here this&#13;
winter. I shall remain and study Engineering -&#13;
- next Spring I shall go to Washington and get&#13;
employed on Engr or Topographical duty, as&#13;
several of my class have done, by which I shall&#13;
obtain such a knowledge of Engr as will enable&#13;
me to resign at any time and get rich, if I &#13;
should take such a fancy. Besides, I get $30&#13;
per month extra pay. My expenses will be [DE: ?]&#13;
more than at present, but any extra pay will more&#13;
than recompense me. What do you think of my&#13;
plan? If you want me to get rich and instead of &#13;
sending you occasionaly [occasionally] a hundred dollars, to send you&#13;
a thousand, this will be the time to decide. If I get&#13;
employment in those Departments for three or four&#13;
years and then resign I can make money as a &#13;
Civil Engr. if I have health and strength. But I&#13;
tell you frankly I would rather remain in the&#13;
army, and if I pursue this plan which is the&#13;
only one I should choose; it will entirely on your&#13;
account and that of my brothers &amp; sisters.&#13;
&#13;
I have never till lately known the want of money,&#13;
or the value of it. I have studied law this summer&#13;
but though I like it, I find that it takes too long&#13;
a time, and has too many difficulties in the way of&#13;
success.&#13;
Promotion is very rapid in our Regt.; there&#13;
have been two or three resignations since I wrote to&#13;
you and more are counted on. If it goes on&#13;
at this rate as I have reason to think it will, I&#13;
shall be a first Lieut. in a year from this time&#13;
There will be a bill introduced at this &#13;
session of Congress for the increase of the pay of &#13;
the Officers of the Army, similar to the one for the &#13;
Navy sent in last year. It is thought that it will&#13;
certainly pass as we have stronger reasons, and stronger&#13;
friends than the Navy, and they succeeded.&#13;
Why do you refer to Sarah Parker's&#13;
engagement in every letter. I care more for&#13;
the lovely Isabella than for her - she never in fact&#13;
interested me - she is not to my taste. I have&#13;
fallen in love with so many pretty girls since I&#13;
left Boston that if she had struck my fancy&#13;
I should have forgotten her by this time.&#13;
Unfortunately I have not found youth, beauty,&#13;
and riches united, till I find them I shall remain&#13;
a bachelor and -&#13;
Your affectionate Son&#13;
D.E. Hale&#13;
&#13;
P.S. I shall certainly send you $70 by the 5th&#13;
Jan. if not more. I cannot send it before as&#13;
I do not receive my pay till the 31st Dec.&#13;
It will reach you by the 5th or 6th Jan. Will that do?&#13;
&#13;
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            <name>Creator</name>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>Gift of Miss Emily Hopkinson.  Brass plate on frame:  "Presented to Langhorn Thorne, Esq. / by / Joseph Bonaparte / Count de Survelliers."</text>
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                <text>Portrait of Napoleon shown in a 3/4 view.  Below is an eagle brandishing a sword in its claw and labeled France underneath. </text>
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                  <text>Presented here are portraits and paintings found in various Athenaeum collections.  Most are oil paintings, though a few portraits have been included that were created in other mediums.  There are additional portraits and paintings in the Bonaparte Collection, also available on this site.</text>
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                <text>Carr, Benjamin (1768-1831)</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <text>Boston JFeb 4th 18[31?]&#13;
&#13;
My dear son I have been waiting very&#13;
anxiously for a letter from you - Why&#13;
have you not written? Is it because you&#13;
have not obtained the station in your&#13;
class for which you hoped? Never be&#13;
fearful of communicating to me your&#13;
[?] any more than your successes-&#13;
the former will sometimes occur, even&#13;
when we use the greatest exertion-&#13;
and if you do what you can I shall&#13;
be satisfied. But you must write. I&#13;
am always very anxious when the&#13;
time has elapsed for your letters to&#13;
arrive. I have sent you papers and&#13;
pamphlets frequently - and mail with&#13;
this letter &amp; paper and [Willis'?] Magazine.&#13;
Horatio is in good health and&#13;
spirits - studying and working in the&#13;
printing office and your sisters,&#13;
and [Willey?] are in fine health at&#13;
Keene. I shall go there in April and&#13;
they will all return with me and&#13;
spend a few weeks in Boston.&#13;
&#13;
If you have read the magazine I trust&#13;
you find it much improved. I&#13;
am going on with tolerable success&#13;
and hope I shall have the &#13;
privilege of visiting you at&#13;
West Point in June, and that we&#13;
shall then make a tour to the&#13;
spring and Glens Falls.&#13;
Mr. Kendrick Metcalf has been in&#13;
Boston not long since. He came&#13;
here to be married to Miss [Trask?], who&#13;
used to board at [Dort.?] Megregory's.&#13;
Mr. Metcalf is studying Divinity -&#13;
will be an Episcopalian clergyman - He now resides&#13;
in Dochester and is succeeding finely.&#13;
He named you with much affection&#13;
There is nothing of much interest to &#13;
you that I now recollect transpired here&#13;
of late - except it be that Master Burke&#13;
is performing at the Fremont. [Horatio?]&#13;
does not want to attend the&#13;
theatre - he prefers to expend his money&#13;
on books and his leisure&#13;
in studying the languages.&#13;
Have you read the Water Witch? by&#13;
Cooper - it is a poor affair. When&#13;
a good opportunity offers I shall send&#13;
you a few books.&#13;
&#13;
Now, my dear son, answer this letter&#13;
soon, and tell me all your affairs&#13;
in which you think I shall be [interested]&#13;
If Mr. Poe is at West Point will you&#13;
say to him that I rec'd a poem from &#13;
him and shall publish it when it is&#13;
in season - which will be next summer,&#13;
to [accord?] with the scene described. I like&#13;
the article and have only delayed it&#13;
to make it more appropriate.&#13;
God bless you my son&#13;
Your affectionate&#13;
Mother&#13;
Sarah J. Hale&#13;
&#13;
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              <text>Boston, April, 17 - 1831.&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son - I have been delaying&#13;
my answer to your last, hoping&#13;
to have more leisure - but engagements&#13;
and duties are daily accumulating &#13;
so I will give you a few hasty&#13;
lines now, and by and by, a long letter&#13;
of advice.&#13;
You speak as tho' you did not&#13;
care to obtain a commission - Is &#13;
that your feeling? - and if so, what&#13;
business or profession are you&#13;
intending to pursue when you&#13;
shall graduate? It is time now to&#13;
decide - one half the time of your&#13;
scholarship will soon expire. I expectd [expected]&#13;
you would prefer a commission for&#13;
a few years at least, and if you&#13;
can graduate in the Artillery, and&#13;
be stationed in one of the cities, you&#13;
&#13;
might have opportunities of improvement,&#13;
and pursue studies which would fit you&#13;
for a profession, ether [either] Law or Physic -&#13;
while you held a commission I do not&#13;
wish you to be confined to the army all&#13;
your life, but I shall want you to&#13;
reap some advantage from your&#13;
education; and I do not see any better&#13;
means than those I have suggested.&#13;
But perhaps you have other plans.&#13;
If so, I should like to hear them. You&#13;
must bear in mind, that application,&#13;
industry of some kind will be absolutely&#13;
essential to you because you have&#13;
no fortune on which to depend for&#13;
the support of a single year. I hope&#13;
in your next, you will be explicit,&#13;
and let me know what dreams of the&#13;
future are floating through your&#13;
mind. Remember I ask industry; perseverance,&#13;
and consistency if you -&#13;
but I do not wish to dictate the&#13;
manner in which these are to be exercised.&#13;
Pure morals and an honorable heart,&#13;
with the education you will possess, and&#13;
the advantages of friends I hope to&#13;
secure for you, will be a guarantee&#13;
&#13;
for happiness and certainly afford [facilities?]&#13;
of success in the profession you&#13;
shall prosecute with energy.&#13;
I expect the little girls and Willey next&#13;
week, on Monday. O, how glad I shall&#13;
be - and now if you were here all&#13;
my children would be together - and&#13;
we would have a holy day. Well, next&#13;
summer I hope to see you and&#13;
your sisters together.&#13;
Horatio is well and bookish as&#13;
ever. Yours truly affectionate&#13;
Sara J. Hale&#13;
&#13;
April 26 - My letter was mislaid and has&#13;
thus been kept a hand till your sisters&#13;
have reached Boston. They are in fine&#13;
health - and now, [?] you here I&#13;
should [?] all my children&#13;
in my own parlor. - O, I have some&#13;
news for you - Mr [Thayer?][Morten?] of the&#13;
High School for boys, (private school) has taken&#13;
Horatio to educate for the University free&#13;
of Expense - Horatio commenced his studies&#13;
yesterday - and Willey will stay in Boston &amp;&#13;
attend the same school. Your Mother&#13;
&#13;
For / Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West Point&#13;
N. Y.&#13;
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              <text>Boston Nov. 6 1831.&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son I have made my visit at Keene&#13;
Newport [etc.] and am now at leisure to enquire&#13;
after your welfare. I had a pleasant journey, &amp;&#13;
accomplished what I designed - that is, sold the&#13;
estate, paid your Uncle, and arranged my business&#13;
nearly to my own satisfaction. Such are the [?];&#13;
now for the coloring. I went to Keene in [season?] to &#13;
attend the examination at Miss Fiske's school: your sisters&#13;
appeared very well, Martha is called on of the&#13;
best scholars - &amp; Josepha one of the happiest. I have&#13;
permitted them to stay at Keene till next May. They&#13;
are contented, &amp; Miss Fiske very solicitous they should&#13;
stay. I saw Elizabeth Wilson - she is a fair girl, but&#13;
she needs a mother, or some lady to form her to habits&#13;
of personal attention - had her dress been neat I should&#13;
have called her lovely. I visited at Governor Dinsmoor's -&#13;
and in the whole spent my time - 5 days, very pleasantly,&#13;
except that it was a little over-burdened with calls [&amp;?]&#13;
compliments. Your Aunt was charming as ever,&#13;
and seems to think highly of you. I hope her&#13;
correspondence, (she said she intended corresponding&#13;
with you regularly) will be continued, as you&#13;
must derive both entertainment &amp; instruction&#13;
&#13;
from her spirited &amp; happy manner of sketching the world&#13;
and its fashions. Mrs. Hale certainly [wears?] to me every&#13;
semblance of sincere friendship - I have always&#13;
distrusted her tho' - perhaps unjustly - but still I have&#13;
seen that management (she is by nature formed for &#13;
the brilliant theatre of a court, &amp; has that fascination which&#13;
would attract, and consequently be fond of attracting; [DE: what] this&#13;
has a tendency to create a selfish spirit) which [DE: ?] made&#13;
[DE: ?] me fear she could not be relied upon. Still she is a &#13;
lovely and delightful woman, and I hope we shall&#13;
always live on sisterly terms. I [DE: ?] feel much obliged for the favors&#13;
she confers on my children - and [with?] hope it will be in &#13;
my power to return the kindnesses to hers; and I hope&#13;
you my son will pursue such a course as shall&#13;
make your friendship of advantage to your cousins,&#13;
&amp; your character a source of pride to your Aunt.&#13;
She will then be a most devoted friend to you, for her&#13;
heart is formed for society, and she delights in displaying&#13;
her taste and talent on those who can appreciate them.&#13;
- I took Martha Ann with me to Newport to pass&#13;
a week of the holidays - Josepha was to spend the time&#13;
with her cousin Sarah. We found all our acquaintance&#13;
at Newport as usual - engaged in cares for &#13;
the body - scheming how to be rich &amp; thinking themselves&#13;
of much importance &amp; their village one of the&#13;
wonders of the world. It is wonderful what [?]&#13;
people indulge who know but one way&#13;
of living in the world, and one set of opinions &amp;&#13;
one form of ceremonies &amp; customs. Well. we were&#13;
welcomed very cordially I believe at Newport - Mrs.&#13;
&#13;
[ED: the next name appears upside down at bottom of page]&#13;
&#13;
Mrs Sara&#13;
&#13;
Baldwin in particular seemed very happy to see me.&#13;
She is not very well, &amp; I fear that she is seriously indisposed.&#13;
[Hallet?] Cheney &amp; Betsey Farnsworth have become [?]&#13;
I did not see either of them - they were at school - but&#13;
was told Betsey is a very interesting &amp; intelligent&#13;
young lady. Mrs.  Edes was kind &amp; good as ever,&#13;
and Mr Edes as self-important &amp; thrifty. He will&#13;
be rich, if he lives a few years - but I do not envy&#13;
their happiness. I had many enquiries to answer&#13;
respecting you, and many good wishes for your&#13;
success &amp; regrets that you did not visit Newport&#13;
last summer were expressed. I am glad you did &#13;
not go. You have not yet attained sufficient self-control&#13;
to stand the inquistive [inquisitive?] ordeal your manners &amp;&#13;
morals would there undergo, I saw, and it was with&#13;
extreme regret, that you had thrown off as [?]less incumbrances,&#13;
many of your early impressions of&#13;
the necessity for that strict attention to morals &amp;&#13;
delicacy of feelings in which you were educated, &amp; for&#13;
which your example when a boy, was noted [&amp;?] quoted.&#13;
But tho' I regret this, I do not consider it as evidence&#13;
[DE: that] of evil committed - or that you will become&#13;
the slave of those follies you have heard described as pleasures.&#13;
A few years, indeed the next two years, will, I&#13;
feel confident, strengthen your character, and&#13;
enable you to discriminate more justly than&#13;
at present the value of virtue &amp; knowledge &amp;&#13;
then your own good sense will teach you the right&#13;
course, &amp; your affection for your mother, &amp;&#13;
anxiety to promote her happiness &amp; that of your&#13;
brothers &amp; sisters will induce you to pursue it, even&#13;
tho' frequent occasions for self-denial may arise. When&#13;
your [?] becomes firm in purpose, I shall be glad to &#13;
&#13;
have you visit your early acquaintances - the news&#13;
&amp; recollections will not be l[?]st in your heart; and I think&#13;
the pleasures of seeing old familiar faces is hardly equaled&#13;
by any fashionable gayeties. - I returned home by the &#13;
way of Concord, found Mr Barton &amp; lady well, saw Metcalf, as&#13;
fat &amp; merry as ever. Mr B. is doing well, &amp; he appears&#13;
much happier for being a [married?] man.&#13;
[?] are in Boston again, and here at &#13;
my table with all the unfinished labors of the month&#13;
staring me in the face, you may well conclude, I have&#13;
not leisure to say much of Boston &amp; my literary&#13;
plans - In my next I will give you these.&#13;
Horatio is still in his labyrinth of languages, &amp;&#13;
Willey is happy as a bird - he sends 400 bushels&#13;
of love to you. - Yours affectionately&#13;
Sarah J. Hale.&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West-Point&#13;
New York.&#13;
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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                  <text>This collection of letters contains the correspondence of Sarah Josepha Buell Hale. It contains letters relating to both her professional and personal life and spans a 43 year period. It also contains a small number of letters between her close relatives.</text>
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              <text>Boston, Jan. 1. 1832.&#13;
&#13;
A happy New Year, - My dear Son; - how I&#13;
wish I could express that wish to your&#13;
ear instead of your eye.&#13;
- I have not had a letter from you&#13;
these several weeks. I hope you have&#13;
not forgot the little parlor - (but I am in&#13;
the larger one this winter) and mother, &amp;&#13;
brothers.-&#13;
I had letters yesterday from your aunt&#13;
Sarah, &amp; your sisters - all well - Mrs. [?]&#13;
says she has written you lately. -&#13;
Have you heard of the death of your&#13;
Uncle Enoch Hale? He is gone, poor man!&#13;
and left a feeble wife, and two little&#13;
children. How I pity her! I hear Enoch&#13;
was doing very well in his Academy,&#13;
and seemingly conquered the waywardness&#13;
of his fortune, and just began to live - when&#13;
he was summoned away. O, this&#13;
life is a dream - a shadow. - My&#13;
son, may God bless you with that&#13;
wisdom which prepares to die as well as live.&#13;
&#13;
I have been quite in danger [DE: ?] from fire,&#13;
tho' not of the poetic kind. The room over&#13;
mine caught fire and burnt nearly thru&#13;
the wall before it was discovered; and then&#13;
we had a terrible inundation, I was &#13;
more annoyed by the water than the&#13;
fire to be sure. That was about 4 weeks&#13;
ago; and Saturday eve the 24th Marsh &amp;&#13;
Capen's Bookstore was wholly destroyed.&#13;
The fire [commenced?] about 1/2 past eleven.&#13;
The papers were saved - but I lost some&#13;
books, and about half M[?] for&#13;
the Jan. number of the Magazine,&#13;
which was in type, was all burned.&#13;
I have to be very busy repairing&#13;
the loss, but fear the number will&#13;
be late after all. Marsh &amp; Capen&#13;
were insured nearly to the amount&#13;
lost - and will commence business&#13;
soon again. I hope it will not permanently&#13;
injure the Magazine.&#13;
Horatio is studious as ever - collecting&#13;
all the old blank letter books he can lay&#13;
his hands on that is, if he has money&#13;
to purchase, which does not always&#13;
happen. Willy grows more studious,&#13;
&amp; is a happy as a lark.&#13;
&#13;
O, I have lots of news - Elizabeth Ingalls&#13;
is engaged to a merchant from N.Y.&#13;
- a tall, whiskered [?] - one who looks&#13;
very suitable for her tho - and is I &#13;
believe a very fine man.&#13;
Miss Board[?] is likewise engaged -&#13;
her betrothed is a Mr. Wittemore, I presume&#13;
Smith knows him. I cannot&#13;
learn much to his advantage.&#13;
He seems to be one of those common&#13;
characters whom no one thinks of&#13;
much importance, either for good or&#13;
evil. However, the young lady doubtless&#13;
thinks him a fine man. His father&#13;
is a comb manufacturer - a man of&#13;
some property, and lives genteelly.&#13;
Dr. [Gregg?] &amp; lady are well &amp; happy -&#13;
and my friend Mrs. [Sumer?], the&#13;
Swedish lady has return to Boston,&#13;
as lovely &amp; good as ever.&#13;
Miss [Foles?] still boards here - and&#13;
the family is about the same.&#13;
Your brothers send a load of love -&#13;
Excuse this scribble, it is nearly 12 - and&#13;
I should be sleepy were I am not writing&#13;
to my dearest child.&#13;
Sarah J Hale&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West-Point&#13;
New York.&#13;
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              <text>Boston, Jan. 18th 1832 -&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son - Your letter reached me &#13;
last night, If you could know how much&#13;
happiness your success gives me, you&#13;
would think all your labor rewarded;&#13;
for I am sure your best feelings are &#13;
devoted to me, and my happiness.&#13;
I was just going out to a party, a&#13;
private concert, as your letter came,&#13;
and during the whole evening&#13;
I thought little of the music [or?]&#13;
company. My heart was with you,&#13;
picturing your joy, now that&#13;
the agony was over and you&#13;
had convinced not only others, but&#13;
yourself, that success was in your&#13;
power. I knew this, I knew you&#13;
could conquer - but I have deeply&#13;
feared that sense would prevail over&#13;
reason, and that you would not&#13;
&#13;
make the trial [DE: ?] necessary to success&#13;
with the enthusiasm which only can&#13;
give the heart its full enjoyment in &#13;
mental pursuits. I am now happy to&#13;
say these fears are in a great measure&#13;
removed. Blessed is the [?] won by&#13;
honorable exertion - by our own self-&#13;
devoted exertion. You have done more&#13;
Then obtain the approbation of others -&#13;
you feel satisfied with yourself.&#13;
But you must know permit your efforts&#13;
to be suspended or slackened. The studies&#13;
on which you are about to enter, you&#13;
say are "beautiful." Rely not on the&#13;
pleasantness of the path. [De: You may lose] Time may be lost&#13;
[DE: as much time] by lingering among flowers&#13;
as well as brambles. Resolve to leave&#13;
nothing which you can do to ensure success&#13;
neglected, and you will succeed. God will&#13;
prosper you! I feel assured of it, if you&#13;
only "act well your part." The fatherless&#13;
have more to encourage them to rely on&#13;
a blessing from heaven than those&#13;
who are rich in worldly friends. But&#13;
those who do have to go forth into the arena&#13;
of this selfish world relying on the blessing&#13;
&#13;
of heaven and their own efforts, should be very&#13;
careful that their motives are pure. In this respect&#13;
the poor have the advantage of the rich,&#13;
because the former may put forth all their&#13;
Strength from motives founded on the noble&#13;
and praise-worthy wish to rise, that they may be more useful to their&#13;
friends and to the world. And the poor are&#13;
not necessarily exposed to the temptations of flatterers&#13;
and the allurements of luxury. The prudence&#13;
that their circumstances demands, instead&#13;
of making them seem mean, will have the&#13;
effect to give a manly &amp; decided cast to the&#13;
character. This may be accomplished, if the&#13;
poor man is consistent, is true to himself. If&#13;
he show the ability to rise, and the self-control&#13;
which insures that he will rise. But&#13;
nothing is more ridiculous than to see a youth&#13;
[whose?] means of support must be of his own earning,&#13;
devoting his thoughts to the pleasures which&#13;
rich men enjoy. It entirely destroys his dignity&#13;
of character, because he assumes what he cannot&#13;
support. Go on, my Son, in the path you&#13;
have entered, and which you can pursue&#13;
with honor &amp; advantage. Endeavor to excel&#13;
and if you not gain all at which you aim&#13;
the effect on your character will be most&#13;
salutary.&#13;
I will, the first opportunity, send you&#13;
a [seal?] &amp; [Willis' Poems?] which I have.&#13;
&#13;
We are very well - and Willey is studying&#13;
bravely. You need not be troubled that&#13;
you cannot obtain money for me - I hope&#13;
to go on this year - and I must trust that&#13;
Providence which has never forsaken me,&#13;
for the future. Yours most affectionately.&#13;
H. &amp; W. send love&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West-Point&#13;
N. York.&#13;
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              <text>Boston, Sept 16, 1832.&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son -&#13;
&#13;
I send five books, one copy with&#13;
morocco back, which is the style we adopt&#13;
when something more durable than paper&#13;
is required, The price is $1.25 for the paper&#13;
covered $1.38 for the morocco back.&#13;
I would say to you, keep the money&#13;
which these books will bring for yourself&#13;
if I thought you needed it half as much&#13;
as I do. My expenses increase faster than&#13;
any income - but I do not wish to trouble&#13;
you with perplexities and cares which&#13;
you cannot prevent or assist. So I will&#13;
only say that when you have disposed&#13;
of the books you may send me 4 dollars of&#13;
the amount.&#13;
Horatio and William have returned from&#13;
Keene, and Willey has entered the Latin&#13;
School. He sends his love &amp; Horatio also.&#13;
&#13;
I am glad to hear you are happy at&#13;
your studies, no doubt of success&#13;
if you study con amore. But how&#13;
soon the time of emancipation&#13;
is coming! quite too soon unless&#13;
you are very determined in your&#13;
own course of improvement. I&#13;
wish you could attain for a few years a station&#13;
at West Point as assistant in some&#13;
of the [branches?]. Can you not?&#13;
- I am tolerably successful in&#13;
the magazine this year - and "Flora"&#13;
sells exceedingly well. We shall soon&#13;
publish a second edition. -&#13;
I have concluded to take M. &amp; J. from&#13;
Keene this winter. Mrs. Boston wishes to&#13;
have Josepha spend the winter with her&#13;
at Concord, and Martha Ann will pass&#13;
part of the time at Portsmouth, &amp;&#13;
part at Boston.&#13;
You must write to your sisters soon.&#13;
Yours most affectionately&#13;
S.J. Hale&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West-Point&#13;
N. York.&#13;
&#13;
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              <text>Boston, Oct 16, 1832 /.&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son -&#13;
&#13;
Your letter enclosing the bills&#13;
reached me safely. The money was very&#13;
acceptable, but nothing in comparison&#13;
with the kind and noble resolutions you&#13;
express of future exertions. It was to&#13;
awaken such feelings that I wrote. I have&#13;
not wished to cloud your mind with the&#13;
cares of the world, any further than&#13;
[item necessity?] and your own improvement&#13;
rendered indispensable. But you&#13;
will soon be obliged to mingle in the&#13;
world as a man. You must be armed&#13;
to endure the shocks and resist the temptations.&#13;
You must begin to calculate your&#13;
course, to discriminate the objects of pursuit&#13;
most worth your exertions. I trust&#13;
I shall not be disappointed in my&#13;
&#13;
hopes that you will be a blessing and&#13;
support to me and your sisters &amp;&#13;
young brother.&#13;
Do not, however, imagine that I am suffering.&#13;
It is true, I have many perplexities.&#13;
How could it be otherwise! It is not&#13;
a trifling thing to support five persons -&#13;
and then the education of the children&#13;
is every season increasing in expense.&#13;
Still I manage to keep on. I have kind&#13;
friends, and I labor hard, and am very&#13;
prudent. I am now engaged on another&#13;
work, which will, I hope be popular as "Flora,"&#13;
and if the Magazine continues next year&#13;
as profitable as it has been this I shall&#13;
meet my expenses. But you will feel that&#13;
these uncertainties must often trouble me.&#13;
Now with respect to your own plans. What&#13;
do you wish to do when you graduate?&#13;
It is time we begin to make calculations&#13;
for that event, I named your becoming an&#13;
assistant because I do so dread to have&#13;
you stationed at the far West or the sickly&#13;
South - and then you will be too young to&#13;
be placed in a station of responsibility as an&#13;
officer or at least, I should prefer to have&#13;
you engaged in a less hazardous situation.&#13;
&#13;
You entered the Academy too early, &amp; I was not&#13;
sufficiently acquainted with the requisitions&#13;
of the Institution. But this we cannot now&#13;
help. The only course is to make the best we&#13;
can of present circumstances.&#13;
I have friends at Washington, &amp; if my&#13;
application can do any good towards&#13;
procuring you a situation more consonant&#13;
to your wishes and to the plans for future improvement&#13;
which I hope you are forming,&#13;
I will use all my endeavors to succeed.&#13;
Now I wish you to reflect in the [hours?]&#13;
before you. What can you hope for? What are&#13;
you qualified to obtain? And what situation, of those&#13;
you believe attainable, should you prefer? And&#13;
why should you prefer it? Answer these questions&#13;
in your next, and I we will consider the subject,&#13;
and endeavor to assist you in the obtaining of&#13;
the employment we shall, on the whole, think most&#13;
beneficial.&#13;
I should prefer the Civil Engineering to a station&#13;
in the army for you.&#13;
Dr Spurzheim the great German phrenologist&#13;
is in Boston. I am delighted with&#13;
his lectures, and hope you will have the&#13;
privilege of hearing him. He will probably&#13;
visit West Point. He is very popular here,&#13;
and deserves to be, for he devotes his great&#13;
talents to the cause of education &amp; moral&#13;
improvement. I [DE: am] have become personally acquainted&#13;
with him - and feel it a high privilege. He pronounces&#13;
Horatio's head to be very extraordinary [etc.]&#13;
Yours affectionately&#13;
S.J Hale&#13;
&#13;
PS. I shall go to N.H. next week, to Newport &amp;&#13;
Keene. Josepha is to spend the winter in Concord with&#13;
her Aunt Barton - &amp; Marthaann will be in Boston&#13;
&amp; Salem through the winter.&#13;
H. &amp; W. send much love. Wm has entered&#13;
the public Latin School. - -   [?]&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West-Point&#13;
N York.&#13;
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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              <text>Boston, Nov. 11, 1832 -&#13;
&#13;
My dear Son - I returned from my&#13;
jaunt into N.H. last Tuesday, and&#13;
found your letter awaiting me.&#13;
I went to Newport - the place &amp; people&#13;
seem much as usual to me - but you&#13;
would find changes. Mr. &amp; Mrs. Edes are&#13;
the same, however, &amp; desired much love&#13;
to you. Henry Baldwin &amp; William [Forsaith?]&#13;
are both in Boston, working at&#13;
the printer's trade. Do you wish you&#13;
were with them?&#13;
Your Aunt &amp; family in Keene are well,&#13;
and said much of you. I hope next year&#13;
you will be able to visit all your friends.&#13;
I brought Martha Ann with me to spend&#13;
the winter, Josepha will pass the time&#13;
at Concord, with her Aunt Barton. Horatio&#13;
&amp; Willey are well &amp; happy - and&#13;
my own health is tolerable.&#13;
With regard to your choice - I highly&#13;
approve it - and will do all I can to&#13;
&#13;
assist you in obtaining the situation.&#13;
You must yourself to the utmost.&#13;
There is an examination in Jan. I think,&#13;
see if you cannot be better prepared&#13;
to meet it then you have ever been&#13;
the half-yearly examinations. And&#13;
try to obtain the favor of Colonel Thayer&#13;
&amp; all your instructors. [Their?] good&#13;
word will do much. I will write&#13;
to Woodbury, the Secy. of War - he is my&#13;
friend, and if you have good recommendations&#13;
from West Point, I trust&#13;
we shall be successful.&#13;
I am, just now, quite disposed&#13;
to be melancholy. I believe I named to&#13;
you Dr. Spurzheim - the great phrenologist&#13;
from Germany. He died last&#13;
night! The event has cast a gloom&#13;
over our city, and it should - for he&#13;
was a man devoted to doing good -&#13;
and had he lived to make, as he&#13;
intended the tour of our country, &amp;&#13;
lectured before the people, I feel&#13;
confident his influence on education&#13;
and social improvement&#13;
would have been of inestimable&#13;
&#13;
value. - He is to be buried next&#13;
Saturday - and everything which&#13;
can testify the respect our citizens felt&#13;
for his character &amp; labors here will&#13;
be done. Alas - how poor is human&#13;
life - our hopes &amp; wishes &amp; schemes,&#13;
how soon they end. And such a &#13;
man must die in the full strength&#13;
of his intellect - &amp; in the full pursuit&#13;
of all that is pure &amp; beneficial to&#13;
the human race - and others, who are&#13;
burdens or pests to society live on.&#13;
But the good ar [are?] blessed in life or death,&#13;
and that thought should console us for&#13;
Dr. Spurzheim. He was good as well&#13;
as great.&#13;
The children all send love.&#13;
Hastily but affectionately,&#13;
Sarah J. Hale.&#13;
&#13;
For / Cadet D. E. Hale&#13;
West-Point&#13;
N. York&#13;
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                  <text>Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (1788-1879) was a major literary figure of the 19th century. Born in New Hampshire, she was educated at home and by her mother and brother, Horatio. She married a young lawyer, David Hale, who died in 1822. As a result she had to find a way to support herself and her five children. She utilized her literary skills and published a collection of poems with mild success followed by her first novel entitled &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; in 1827. &lt;em&gt;Northwood&lt;/em&gt; advocated the repatriation of slaves to Africa by means of Liberia and called for New England style morality throughout the nation. In 1828 she began editing &lt;em&gt;The Ladies’ Magazine of Boston&lt;/em&gt;, the first magazine for women to be edited by a woman. It had its financial difficulties and was united with &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt; (the majorly influential women’s magazine of the 19th century) in 1837. Godey’s was based in Philadelphia and she eventually she moved to Philadelphia from Boston to become more involved in her editorship of the magazine. These magazines acted as her platform to promote her moral agendas. She was a major proponent of equal education for women; however she was not a suffragist. She pushed for men and women to remain within their god-given spheres and believed women needed education to be better moral upholders of the home. Aside from being the editor of &lt;em&gt;Godey’s Lady’s Book&lt;/em&gt;, she wrote many books and poems while lobbying for educational and social reform. Hale is also the author of &lt;em&gt;Mary had a Little Lamb&lt;/em&gt; and the main person responsible for making Thanksgiving a national holiday (it was previously only celebrated in her native New England). Hale died in 1879 and was survived by four children (her oldest son died in 1839).</text>
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                  <text>This collection of letters contains the correspondence of Sarah Josepha Buell Hale. It contains letters relating to both her professional and personal life and spans a 43 year period. It also contains a small number of letters between her close relatives.</text>
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              <text>Boston Nov. 21 - 1832&#13;
&#13;
My ever dear Son - I feel fully assured &#13;
that you will do what you resolve&#13;
[?] than [DE: ?] opinions which&#13;
would lead you into errors when you&#13;
leave West-Point. I believe this because&#13;
I think your early education can&#13;
never be eradicated, that the good seed&#13;
which was then sown will overcome&#13;
all the tares (or most of them) which the world&#13;
scatters. - Do you think I did not know&#13;
that the hour of temptation would come?&#13;
Indeed, my dear son, it was in reference&#13;
to that my calculations were made. I kept&#13;
you not only innocent but happy in&#13;
that innocence that you might, when&#13;
temptations should assail you, know&#13;
from actual experience, that there&#13;
was happiness to be enjoyed innocently.&#13;
Do you think, if all the young men&#13;
at West-Point had been trained as&#13;
you were, kept from evil, not by rigid&#13;
authority &amp; punishment, but by pleasant&#13;
&#13;
studies and amusements at home, that there&#13;
would be so many vicious - so many whom&#13;
you find dangerous &amp; disagreeable? O, no.&#13;
The most dangerous &amp; hopeless corruption of&#13;
heart &amp; morals is that which commences in&#13;
early life - the earlier, the more desperate.&#13;
But you, my dear Son, never can be like &#13;
them. You may do wrong, but you will&#13;
feel it is wrong, and you will yet, I trust, overcome&#13;
all their temptations. I know you went&#13;
to West Point too young. I regret it as much&#13;
as you can - but I would hardly do otherwise. I&#13;
had so many to support, and I could have the&#13;
situation for you - and I so much wished to give&#13;
you an education. And now we must endeavor&#13;
to make the best of this, and I am sure you will.&#13;
- I have just rec'd a letter from Miss Leslie.&#13;
a paragraph I will copy. She says -&#13;
"When at West-Point I sent for your Son that I might&#13;
give him remembrances of you. [It?] gives me great pleasure&#13;
to inform you that I heard Mr Hale spoken of in the&#13;
highest terms by the professors as one of the most&#13;
promising young men in the Institution, and that&#13;
if he continues to apply himself as he has done &amp;&#13;
avoids being drawn into seditions &amp; mutinies and other&#13;
acts of insubordination, there is no doubt of his finishing&#13;
his academic career in the most honorable manner&#13;
and obtaining an excellent commission. Not that I&#13;
had the slightest reason to think your son is the&#13;
&#13;
in the least [tinctured?] with a refractory spirit; but it&#13;
does sometimes happen at West-Point that the bad&#13;
boys get up something like a rebellion &amp; persuade&#13;
the good ones to join it, and the end is they are all&#13;
dismissed without any reference to their previous&#13;
good character, or the respectability of their connections."&#13;
- There, I have given you the whole, because I wished&#13;
to warn you of the necessity of being extremely prudent,&#13;
and maintaining that independence in your&#13;
own principles, which I know incline you to do&#13;
right, that shall prevent you from joining any&#13;
cabals of the idle &amp; vicious or discontented. Do not&#13;
permit any feeling of disappointment to sour your&#13;
temper - go on steadily - you will succeed - The next&#13;
year will give you an opportunity of availing yourself&#13;
more of the miscellaneous knowledge you are acquired&#13;
In your early reading.&#13;
I have something more pleasant wherewith to&#13;
conclude - Your Aunt Hale is now in Boston - she&#13;
has been here about a week, leaves tomorrow. [She?]&#13;
says she shall write you immediately after her [return?]&#13;
has a letter begun - and so she will tell you all&#13;
she saw [etc.?] She had her miniature [taken?] -&#13;
a beautiful one it is - As soon as I have money&#13;
to spare I intend to have mine taken for you.&#13;
Horatio is well, and still busy at his Babel - Willy&#13;
happy as a kitten - The girls well &amp; all going&#13;
as happily as I can wish.&#13;
My own health is pretty good - only I am&#13;
tired of writing as you will infer from this&#13;
scrawl. Your friends here or mine, more&#13;
properly, always enquire for you. Write soon -&#13;
I will send you the Mirror - Yours affectionately&#13;
Sarah J Hale&#13;
&#13;
Cadet David E. Hale&#13;
West-Point&#13;
N. York.&#13;
</text>
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                <text>Sarah Josepha Hale to David E. Hale</text>
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                <text>Sarah Josepha Hale Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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                <text>http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html</text>
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                  <text>The Bonaparte Collection contains items related to Napoleon, Joseph, Charlotte and other members of the Bonaparte Family.  It also includes Bonaparte souvenirs, and decorative items that may be described as  "French Philadelphia" or from the Napoleonic Era.</text>
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                <text>Commemorative medal</text>
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                <text>1961.13.01</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Nicolas Guy Antoine Brenet (1770-1846)</text>
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                <text>2.25" diameter</text>
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                <text>Bronze</text>
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                <text>Bonaparte Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia</text>
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            <description>A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.</description>
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                <text>Gift of Dr. Fred B. Rogers</text>
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                <text>Medal commemorating the reinstallation of the figure of Napoleon in the Place Vendome.</text>
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        <name>Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon I)</name>
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                <text>1977.02.01</text>
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                <text>Francesco Antommarchi</text>
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                <text>On permanent loan from the descendants of Augustus Wilson of Santiago de Cuba.   </text>
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                <text>When Napoleon died at St. Helena on May 5, 1821, his doctors -- Francis Burton and Francesco Antommarchi -- made a gypsum cast of his head.  With the rehabilitation of the former French Emperor's reputation in the 1830s, Dr. Antommarchi produced plaster and bronze copies from the original death mask mold which he sold by subscription.  Dr. Antommarchi later emigrated to Cuba where he met the young Philadelphia-born physician Richard Wilson to whom one of the plaster subscription masks was given.  Dr. Wilson's son brought the mask to Philadelphia in the late 19th century and it descended through the Wilson family. </text>
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