Note: From the time he was born in 63 BCE until 44 BCE, he is generally referred to by historians as Octavius. After 44 BCE, when he became the adopted son and heir of his recently-assassinated great-uncle Julius Caesar, he is known as Octavian. Beginning in 26 BCE, he is known as Augustus, the name conferred upon him by the Roman Senate. (See also 1972.03.01.)]]> ]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]>
Alexei Petrovitch Gratcheff (c. 1780- 1850) was born in Russia. He made his career as an engraver, and was a member of the Russian school. Gratcheff studied under the engraver, A. A. Ossipoff, who like Gratcheff engraved portraits of famous contemporaries, book illustrations, and copies of paintings."
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Robert Swain Gifford (1840 – 1905) was an American painter and printmaker. He spent much of his youth in the coastal areas of Massachusetts and Connecticut, where he developed an affinity for New England land- and seascapes. In 1866, he settled in New York City, where he taught art for nearly thirty years at the Cooper Union School, and helped establish the New York Etching Club. He won medals at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition and numerous other venues. His work is represented in a number of institutions, including the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

William Rudolf O'Donovan (1844 – 1920) was a successful self-taught sculptor. Born in Virginia, he served in the Confederate Army. After the Civil War, he opened a studio in New York City and began his career as a well-regarded professional sculptor, producing many public monuments as well as portrait busts and bas reliefs of prominent persons, including Walt Whitman, Thomas Eakins, and George Washington.
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Born in Italy, Luca Madrassi (fl. 1869-1914) studied at L'Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. In addition to his realistic military sculpture, Madrassi was a master of the fantastic, modeling such allegorical subjects as fairies, cupids, satyrs and genies.
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Born in Paris of Russian parents, Pierre Nicolas Tourgueneff (1854-1912) specialized in portrait and equestrian sculpture. He exhibited at the Paris Salon from 1880 to 1911, four times receiving honorable mentions and the Grand Prize at the Universal Exposition of 1889. Tourgueneff's realistic modeling of this uniformed soldier and horse reflects more than an artistic interest in his subject. He was a member of the Legion of Honor, achieving the rank of "Chevalier" in 1903, after twenty years of active service. The Legion of Honor, instituted by Napoleon in 1802, is France's highest honor for citizens of military or civil distinction.
]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Nisshin sensou, Nissei Heijou shouhou zu
Sino-Japanese War: Japanese Military Might Captures Pyongyang]]> Nisshin sensou Kinshuujou tsuigeki no zu
Sino-Japanese War: Pursuing the Retreating Enemy at Jinzhoucheng]]>
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Sino-Japanese War: Picture of the Great Victory at Fenghuang]]> Sino-Japanese War, The Warship Saikyomaru]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]> Belmont Cricket Club]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]> http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html.]]> ]]> ]]>