id,"Dublin Core:Title","Dublin Core:Alternative Title","Dublin Core:Creator","Dublin Core:Publisher","Dublin Core:Date","Dublin Core:Description","Dublin Core:Subject","Dublin Core:Coverage","Dublin Core:Spatial Coverage","Dublin Core:Contributor","Dublin Core:Format","Dublin Core:Extent","Dublin Core:Medium","Dublin Core:Language","Dublin Core:Type","Dublin Core:Provenance","Dublin Core:Relation","Dublin Core:Is Part Of","Dublin Core:Source","Dublin Core:Identifier","Dublin Core:Rights","Dublin Core:Table Of Contents","Dublin Core:Abstract","Dublin Core:Date Created","Dublin Core:Date Valid","Dublin Core:Date Available","Dublin Core:Date Issued","Dublin Core:Date Modified","Dublin Core:Date Accepted","Dublin Core:Date Copyrighted","Dublin Core:Date Submitted","Dublin Core:Bibliographic Citation","Dublin Core:Is Version Of","Dublin Core:Has Version","Dublin Core:Replaces","Dublin Core:Is Replaced By","Dublin Core:Is Required By","Dublin Core:Requires","Dublin Core:Has Part","Dublin Core:Is Referenced By","Dublin Core:References","Dublin Core:Is Format Of","Dublin Core:Has Format","Dublin Core:Conforms To","Dublin Core:Temporal Coverage","Dublin Core:Access Rights","Dublin Core:License","Dublin Core:Audience","Dublin Core:Mediator","Dublin Core:Audience Education Level","Dublin Core:Accrual Method","Dublin Core:Accrual Periodicity","Dublin Core:Accrual Policy","Dublin Core:Instructional Method","Dublin Core:Rights Holder","Item Type Metadata:Text","Item Type Metadata:Interviewer","Item Type Metadata:Interviewee","Item Type Metadata:Location","Item Type Metadata:Transcription","Item Type Metadata:Local URL","Item Type Metadata:Original Format","Item Type Metadata:Physical Dimensions","Item Type Metadata:Duration","Item Type Metadata:Compression","Item Type Metadata:Producer","Item Type Metadata:Director","Item Type Metadata:Bit Rate/Frequency","Item Type Metadata:Time Summary","Item Type Metadata:Email Body","Item Type Metadata:Subject Line","Item Type Metadata:From","Item Type Metadata:To","Item Type Metadata:CC","Item Type Metadata:BCC","Item Type Metadata:Number of Attachments","Item Type Metadata:Standards","Item Type Metadata:Objectives","Item Type Metadata:Materials","Item Type Metadata:Lesson Plan Text","Item Type Metadata:URL","Item Type Metadata:Event Type","Item Type Metadata:Participants","Item Type Metadata:Birth Date","Item Type Metadata:Birthplace","Item Type Metadata:Death Date","Item Type Metadata:Occupation","Item Type Metadata:Biographical Text","Item Type Metadata:Bibliography",tags,file,itemType,collection,public,featured,latitude,longitude 3490,"Phrenology head",,,,,"Glazed ceramic phrenology head. Areas of the skull are delineated and labeled in black lettering, each area indicating a particular psychological trait. Front base reads: Fowler's IMPROVED PHRENOLOGICAL HEAD. Two base sides read: AFFECTIVE PROPENSITIES and INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. Underside of base reads: ACME CEREBAL [illegible]. Phrenology is based on the belief that certain delineated areas of the brain are responsible for different functions, and that an individual’s personality and character can be ascertained by studying the corresponding bumps and indentations on the person’s skull. The theory was developed by German physician Franz Joseph Gallin in the 1790s, and further advanced by his assistant Johann Gaspar Spurzheim. Phrenology faced skepticism from the scientific community, but enjoyed immense popularity with the American public throughout the 19th century. Today, phrenology is regarded as a pseudoscience. ",,,,,,"10.25"" H",Ceramic,,,"Found in collection",,"General Collection, Museum Collection, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia",,2018.14.01,"http://www.philaathenaeum.org/rights.html ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Fowler|Phrenology,http://omeka.philaathenaeum.org/collections/files/original/c645454d77d8d16dd18abd56097c3095.JPG|http://omeka.philaathenaeum.org/collections/files/original/42b72f9ea0f13947a668e09ecc89bf39.JPG|http://omeka.philaathenaeum.org/collections/files/original/3dab28683f80f851b31c4a5483460c34.JPG,"Physical Object","Sculpture Collection",1,1,,